Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer.
Spatial analysis of gut microbiome reveals a distinct ecological niche associated with the mucus layer.
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DOI：
10.1080/19490976.2021.1874815
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发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.2
通讯作者：
Vaishnava S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duncan K;Carey-Ewend K;Vaishnava S
粘液相关细菌群落对于确定疾病病理学和促进定植抗性至关重要。然而，粘液居民社区的关键生态特性仍然定义不清。使用一种结合原位杂交，激光显微切割和16s rRNA测序的小鼠肠腔的空间不同区域的方法，我们发现，一个密集的微生物群落类似于生物膜嵌入在粘液层。粘液相关的生物膜样社区排除属于变形菌门的细菌。此外，它是显着更加多样化，由细菌物种，是独一无二的it.By雇用无菌小鼠缺乏T和B淋巴细胞，我们发现，生物膜样结构的形成是独立的适应性免疫。相反，生物膜样群落的完整性依赖于革兰氏阳性菌，如梭菌。此外，在抗生素处理后，粘液中的生物膜样群落损失较少的梭菌属，并且与管腔相比，显示出较小的变形菌门水华。当受到时间限制的喂养生物膜样结构的大小显着增强，并显示出富集梭菌。综上所述，我们的工作公开了粘液相关的生物膜样群落代表了一种特殊的群落，其在结构和组成上是不同的，其排除好氧细菌，同时富集厌氧菌如梭菌，对抗生素治疗表现出增强的稳定性，并且可以通过饮食变化来调节。
Mucus-associated bacterial communities are critical for determining disease pathology and promoting colonization resistance. Yet the key ecological properties of mucus resident communities remain poorly defined. Using an approach that combines in situ hybridization, laser microdissection and 16s rRNA sequencing of spatially distinct regions of the mouse gut lumen, we discovered that a dense microbial community resembling a biofilm is embedded in the mucus layer. The mucus-associated biofilm-like community excluded bacteria belonging to phylum Proteobacteria. Additionally, it was significantly more diverse and consisted of bacterial species that were unique to it. By employing germ-free mice deficient in T and B lymphocytes we found that formation of biofilm-like structure was independent of adaptive immunity. Instead the integrity of biofilm-like community depended on Gram-positive commensals such as Clostridia. Additionally, biofilm-like community in the mucus lost fewer Clostridia and showed smaller bloom of Proteobacteria compared to the lumen upon antibiotic treatment. When subjected to time-restricted feeding biofilm-like structure significantly enhanced in size and showed enrichment of Clostridia. Taken together our work discloses that mucus-associated biofilm-like community represents a specialized community that is structurally and compositionally distinct that excludes aerobic bacteria while enriching for anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridia, exhibits enhanced stability to antibiotic treatment and that can be modulated by dietary changes.