Established and emerging organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the expansion of an environmental contamination issue: A review and future directions.
Established and emerging organophosphate esters (OPEs) and the expansion of an environmental contamination issue: A review and future directions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132095
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发表时间：
2023-07
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Langjie Ye;Jianhua Li;Shuai Gong;S. Herczegh;Qi Zhang;R. Letcher;Guanyong Su
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Langjie Ye;Jianhua Li;Shuai Gong;S. Herczegh;Qi Zhang;R. Letcher;Guanyong Su
文献中越来越多的有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 研究表明，环境中报告的有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 清单不断扩大。然而，关于最近生产和使用的 OPE 的信息仍然普遍缺乏，这些 OPE 已被证明是新兴的环境污染物。本综述总结了现有研究的系统框架，该框架涵盖了新兴 OPE 的分析、环境命运和行为的当前知识状况。本次审查还详细介绍了更好地了解环境中新兴 OPE 的未来方向。首先，我们建议修改和更新当前 OPE 的结构/实用缩写和命名。目前，根据当前科学文献中的可疑清单，建立了包含 114 种 OPE 的化学数据库 (CDB)。在人类和/或生物群样本中已报告了 12 种已确定的 OPE 和总共 83 种新出现的 OPE。在新兴的 OPE 中，超过 80% 在某些环境介质（包括室内空气、废水处理厂、沉积物和鱼类）样本中的检测频率接近 100%。与被视为已确定污染物的 OPE 相比，由于更普遍地使用基于高分辨率质谱 (HRMS) 的方法，尤其是气相色谱或液相色谱以及环境样品组分的基于 HRMS 的非目标分析 (NTA)，大多数新兴 OPE 都是最近才被识别的。有意/无意的工业用途和非工业形成是环境中新兴OPE的来源。在硅片中预测的新型、分子更大和寡聚的 OPE 的物理化学性质强烈表明，双酚 A 二苯基磷酸酯 (BPA-DPP) 等一些化合物具有高度持久性、生物累积性和/或毒性。基于实验室的毒性数据的有限信息表明，一些新兴的OPE会对暴露的人类和哺乳动物产生有害影响，例如细胞毒性、发育毒性、肝毒性和内分泌干扰。已证实的以及在较小程度上新兴的 OPE 也已被证明会在生物群中转化和降解，并可能改变其毒理学效应。目前对新兴 OPE 污染物的研究有限，需要对样品分析方法、来源解析、转化过程、环境行为、暴露和毒性的生物标志物进行更多研究。
The list of organophosphate esters (OPEs) reported in the environment continues to expand as evidenced by the increasing number of OPE studies in the literature. However, there remains a general dearth of information on more recently produced and used OPEs that are proving to be emerging environmental contaminants. The present review summarizes the available studies in a systematic framework of the current state of knowledge on the analysis, environmental fate, and behavior of emerging OPEs. This review also details future directions to better understand emerging OPEs in the environment. Firstly, we make recommendations that the current structural/practical abbreviations and naming of OPEs be revised and updated. A chemical database (CDB) containing 114 OPEs is presently established based on the suspect list from the current scientific literature. There are 12 established OPEs and a total of 83 emerging OPEs that have been reported in human and/or biota samples. Of the emerging OPEs more than 80% have nearly 100% detection frequencies in samples of certain environmental media including indoor air, wastewater treatment plants, sediment, and fish. In contrast to OPEs considered established contaminants, most emerging OPEs have been identified more recently due to the more pervasive use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) based approaches and especially gas or liquid chromatography coupled with HRMS-based non-target analysis (NTA) of environmental sample fractions. Intentional/unintentional industrial use and non-industrial formation are sources of emerging OPEs in the environment. Predicted physical-chemical propertiesin silicoof newer, molecularly larger and more oligomeric OPEs strongly suggest that some compounds such as bisphenol A diphenyl phosphate (BPA-DPP) are highly persistent, bioaccumulative and/or toxic. Limited information on laboratory-based toxicity data has shown that some emerging OPEs elicit harmful effects such as cytotoxicity, development toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption in exposed humans and mammals. Established, and to a much lesser degree emerging OPEs, have also been shown to transform and degrade in biota and possibly alter their toxicological effects. Research on emerging OPE contaminants is presently limited and more study is warranted on sample analysis methods, source apportionment, transformation processes, environmental behavior, biomarkers of exposure and toxicity.