Effects of Drainage Basin Characteristics on River Runoff and River Water Chemistry in Iceland
Effects of Drainage Basin Characteristics on River Runoff and River Water Chemistry in Iceland
复制标题
冰岛流域特征对河流径流和河流水化学的影响
DOI：
10.5026/jgeography.97.6_555
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Keisuke Suzuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Keisuke Suzuki
本文论述了流域特征对河流径流和河水化学的影响。流域特征影响着产水量和河水化学成分。流域特征由地形条件、岩沙类型、植被和土地利用组成。冰岛最易变的特征是岩石的渗透性。冰岛位于中欧海脊上，活跃的火山带横跨整个岛国。冰岛北部、西海岸和东海岸裸露着几乎不透水的第三纪地层。冰岛河流根据径流变化规律和化学条件分为三类。“泉水河流”：全年径流量和化学条件非常均匀，不受降雨量的影响。这类河流主要分布在最高透水区的中部地带。“径流河流”：径流和化学条件的变化很大程度上依赖于降雨的变化。这些变化是非常反常的。这类河流分布在不透水的玄武岩地区。“冰川河流”：每年的径流量变化。夏季径流量很大，冬季径流量很小。这类河流最典型的特点是含沙量高。
This paper describes the effects of the drainage basin characteristics on river runoff and chemistry of river water. The drainage basin characteristics influence the amount of water yield and chemistry of river water. The drainage basin characteristics are composed of topographic condition, rock and sediment type, vegetation and land use. Most variable characteristic of Iceland is permeability of rock. Iceland is on the Mid-Aelantic Ridge and active volcanic zones run across the island. The Tertialy strata which are almost impermeable are exposed at northern west and east coast of Iceland.Icelandic rivers are divided into three groups by the pattern of runoff variation and chemical conditions.“Spring-fed rivers” : The amount of runoff and chemical conditions are very even all year round and unaffected by the amount of rainfall. This type rivers are mainly founded in the central zone that is highest permeable area.“Direct runoff rivers” : The variations of runoff and chemical conditions are very much dependent on the variation of rainfall. These variations are very anomalous. This type rivers are found in the areas of the impermeable basaltic rocks.“Glacier rivers” : The amount of runoff varies annually. The amount of runoff is very large in summer and is very little in winter. The most typical characteristic of this type rivers is the high concentration of suspended sediment.