Political Parties
Political Parties
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/j.ctv19fvzzk.44
复制
发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Michels
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Michels
政党自治原则是民主的基石，已被视为解决民族问题的办法。这是因为国籍原则意味着接受民选政府的理念。民族原则的重要性是不可否认的，西欧的大部分民族问题都可以按照这一原则来解决。由于地理和战略考虑，例如难以确定自然边界以及经常需要建立战略边界，问题变得复杂。而且，当民族几乎不存在或民族陷入难以摆脱的混乱时，民族原则就无法为我们提供帮助。目前的工作是对民主问题的批判性讨论。米歇尔斯认为，民主作为一种知识理论和实践运动，已经进入了一个极其困难的关键阶段。在这本书中，他分析了反对民主实现的倾向，并声称这些倾向可以分为三类：依赖于个人的本性；取决于政治结构的性质；以及对组织性质的依赖。该版本被莫里斯·贾诺维茨 (Morris Janowitz) 称为“现代社会科学的经典”，被梅尔文·图明 (Melvin Tumin) 称为“传统的开端”，提供了政治学领域的里程碑式研究。继 1910 年首次出版之后，政党研究和分析被确立为一门新的科学分支。 《政党》仍然是文学的基础著作，也是当代政治学家、社会学家和历史学家图书馆的必要补充。
The principle of self-government through political parties, the cornerstone of democracy, has come to be regarded as a solution to the problem of nationality. This is because the principle of nationality entails the acceptance of the idea of popular government. The importance of the principle of nationality is undeniable, and most of the national questions of Western Europe might be solved in accordance with this principle. Matters are complicated by geographical and strategical considerations, such as the difficulty of determining natural frontiers and the frequent need to establish strategic frontiers. Moreover, the principle of nationality cannot help us where nationalities barely exist or where they are entangled in inextricable confusion. The present work is a critical discussion of the problem of democracy. Michels believes that democracy, as an intellectual theory and as a practical movement, has entered upon a critical phase from which exit will be extremely difficult. In this book he analyzes the tendencies that oppose the realization of democracy, and claims that these tendencies can be classified in three ways: dependence upon the nature of the individual; dependence upon the nature of the political structure; and dependence upon the nature of organization. This edition, described by Morris Janowitz as a "classic of modern social science" and by Melvin Tumin as "the beginning of a tradition", offers a landmark study in political science. Following its original publication in 1910, the study and analysis of political parties was established as a new branch of science. "Political Parties" continues to be a foundation work in the literature and is a necessary addition to the libraries of contemporary political scientists, sociologists and historians.