Status and characteristics of ambient PM2.5 pollution in global megacities
Status and characteristics of ambient PM2.5 pollution in global megacities
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.003
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Hao, Jiming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng, Zhen;Luo, Lina;Hao, Jiming
环境PM2.5污染是全球大城市公共健康的重大威胁。本文根据官方监测网络的质量浓度和文献报道的成分数据，回顾了2013年全球45个特大城市的PM2. 5污染状况。结果显示，污染最严重的5个特大城市分别是德里、开罗、西安、天津和成都，这5个城市PM2.5年均浓度均大于89微克/立方米。五个最干净的大城市是迈阿密、多伦多、纽约、马德里和费城，其年平均值低于10微克/立方米。空间分布表明，污染严重的特大城市集中在中国中东部和印度-恒河平原。有机物和SNA（硫酸盐，硝酸盐和铵的总和）分别占所有特大城市平均PM2.5质量的30%和36%。PM2.5污染日数的季节变化显著，尤其是中国和印度的污染大城市，导致在冬季等污染较重的季节频繁发生重污染事件。发展中国家和发达国家特大城市之间的PM2.5污染存在显著差异，需要在当地减排方面做出更多努力，并开展全球合作，以解决主要在亚洲的特大城市的PM2.5污染问题。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Ambient PM2.5 pollution is a substantial threat to public health in global megacities. This paper reviews the PM2.5 pollution of 45 global megacities in 2013, based on mass concentration from official monitoring networks and composition data reported in the literature. The results showed that the five most polluted megacities were Delhi, Cairo, Xi'an, Tianjin and Chengdu, all of which had an annual average concentration of PM2.5 greater than 89 mu g/m(3). The five cleanest megacities were Miami, Toronto, New York, Madrid and Philadelphia, the annual averages of which were less than 10 mu g/m(3). Spatial distribution indicated that the highly polluted megacities are concentrated in east-central China and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Organic matter and SNA (sum of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium) contributed 30% and 36%, respectively, of the average PM2.5 mass for all megacities. Notable seasonal variation of PM2.5 polluted days was observed, especially for the polluted megacities of China and India, resulting in frequent heavy pollution episodes occurring during more polluted seasons such as winter. Marked differences in PM2.5 pollution between developing and developed megacities require more effort on local emissions reduction as well as global cooperation to address the PM2.5 pollution of those megacities mainly in Asia. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.