Flexible fluid-based encapsulation platform for water-sensitive materials
Flexible fluid-based encapsulation platform for water-sensitive materials
复制标题
适用于水敏材料的灵活的基于流体的封装平台
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2308804120
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Aizenberg, Joanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lemaire, Baptiste;Yu, Yanhao;Molinari, Nicola;Wu, Haichao;Goodwin, Zachary A.;Stricker, Friedrich;Kozinsky, Boris;Aizenberg, Joanna
下一代半导体和器件，例如卤化物钙钛矿和柔性电子器件，对水极其敏感，因此需要高效的保护，不仅要密封各种形式的水（蒸汽、水滴和冰），还要同时提供机械灵活性、耐用性、透明度和自清洁性。尽管已经开发了各种固态封装方法，但还没有可以完全满足上述所有要求的策略。在这里，我们报告了一种基于仿生液体的封装策略，该策略可以在不牺牲封装材料的操作特性的情况下提供防水保护。使用卤化物钙钛矿作为模型系统，我们发现，当钙钛矿被注入疏水性油的聚合物基质涂覆时，由于暴露于水而对钙钛矿造成的损害大大减少。通过实验和模拟研究相结合，我们阐明了超低水透过率的基本传输机制，该机制源于注入液体能够填充和减少涂层中的缺陷，从而消除低能量扩散路径，并使水分子以团簇形式扩散，共同形成优异的水渗透屏障。重要的是，作为这种封装方法的核心成分，液体的存在提供了逆转水传输方向的独特可能性；因此，通过定期补充疏水油可以显着延长封闭的水敏材料的使用寿命。我们表明，这里提出的液体封装平台不仅可以为功能器件提供防水保护，还可以提供涂层的柔韧性、光学透明度和自修复性，这对于钙钛矿太阳能电池和生物电子学等各种应用至关重要。
The next-generation semiconductors and devices, such as halide perovskites and flexible electronics, are extremely sensitive to water, thus demanding highly effective protection that not only seals out water in all forms (vapor, droplet, and ice), but simultaneously provides mechanical flexibility, durability, transparency, and self-cleaning. Although various solid-state encapsulation methods have been developed, no strategy is available that can fully meet all the above requirements. Here, we report a bioinspired liquid-based encapsulation strategy that offers protection from water without sacrificing the operational properties of the encapsulated materials. Using halide perovskite as a model system, we show that damage to the perovskite from exposure to water is drastically reduced when it is coated by a polymer matrix with infused hydrophobic oil. With a combination of experimental and simulation studies, we elucidated the fundamental transport mechanisms of ultralow water transmission rate that stem from the ability of the infused liquid to fill-in and reduce defects in the coating layer, thus eliminating the low-energy diffusion pathways, and to cause water molecules to diffuse as clusters, which act together as an excellent water permeation barrier. Importantly, the presence of the liquid, as the central component in this encapsulation method provides a unique possibility of reversing the water transport direction; therefore, the lifetime of enclosed water-sensitive materials could be significantly extended via replenishing the hydrophobic oils regularly. We show that the liquid encapsulation platform presented here has high potential in providing not only water protection of the functional device but also flexibility, optical transparency, and self-healing of the coating layer, which are critical for a variety of applications, such as in perovskite solar cells and bioelectronics.