How Speakers Refer: The Role of Accessibility
How Speakers Refer: The Role of Accessibility
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-818x.2010.00193.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Arnold, Jennifer E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arnold, Jennifer E.
语言的核心组成部分之一是指称，它要求说话者在高度明确的表达（例如，UNC教授或彼得）和简化的词汇形式（例如，他）之间进行选择。本文回顾了这一过程在很大程度上是由指称物的可及性或显著性驱动的，以及这些影响背后的心理过程。研究了两类约束：(1)话语状态，传统上被认为是指称选择的决定因素；(2)非语言处理约束，增加显性形式的使用。这些效应共同支持了传统说法的修正版本，即说话人选择指称明确性，以便听者能够识别指称者，并强调了可及性需要由非语言表征来调解。
One of the core components of language is referring, which requires the speaker to choose between expressions that are highly explicit (e.g., the UNC professor, or Peter), and reduced lexical forms (e.g., he). This paper reviews claims that this process is largely driven by the accessibility or salience of the referent, and the psychological processes that underlie these effects. Two classes of constraint are examined: (1) Discourse status, which has traditionally been identified as the determinant of referential choices and (2) Non-linguistic processing constraints that increase the use of explicit forms. These effects together support a modified version of the traditional claim that speakers choose referential explicitness so that the listener can identify the referent, and underscore the need for accessibility to be mediated by a non-linguistic representation.