Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society
Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society
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DOI：
10.5367/ihe.2013.0165
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发表时间：
2013-08
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Ranga;H. Etzkowitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Ranga;H. Etzkowitz
本文介绍了三螺旋系统的概念，作为一种分析结构，它将大学-产业-政府（三螺旋）相互作用的关键特征综合成一种“创新系统”格式，根据系统理论将其定义为一组组件、关系和功能。在三螺旋系统的组成部分中，区分了(a)研发和非研发创新者；(b)“单一领域”和“多领域”（混合）机构；(c)个人和机构创新者。各组成部分之间的关系可归纳为五大类型：技术转移；合作与冲突缓和；协作的领导;替换;和网络。三螺旋系统的整体功能——知识和创新的产生、传播和使用——是通过知识、创新和共识空间中的一系列活动来实现的。这个视角为三螺旋参与者之间的系统交互提供了一个明确的框架，这是以前所缺乏的，并且对空间内部和空间之间的知识流动和资源的循环提供了更细粒度的视图，有助于识别现有的障碍或差距。从三螺旋系统的角度来看，空间之间的衔接和非线性相互作用可以产生新的知识和资源组合，从而推动创新理论和实践，特别是在区域层面。
This paper introduces the concept of Triple Helix systems as an analytical construct that synthesizes the key features of university–industry–government (Triple Helix) interactions into an ‘innovation system’ format, defined according to systems theory as a set of components, relationships and functions. Among the components of Triple Helix systems, a distinction is made between (a) R&D and non-R&D innovators; (b) ‘single-sphere’ and ‘multi-sphere’ (hybrid) institutions; and (c) individual and institutional innovators. The relationships between components are synthesized into five main types: technology transfer; collaboration and conflict moderation; collaborative leadership; substitution; and networking. The overall function of Triple Helix systems – knowledge and innovation generation, diffusion and use – is realized through a set of activities in the knowledge, innovation and consensus spaces. This perspective provides an explicit framework for the systemic interaction between Triple Helix actors that was previously lacking, and a more fine-grained view of the circulation of knowledge flows and resources within and among the spaces, helping to identify existing blockages or gaps. From a Triple Helix systems perspective, the articulation and the non-linear interactions between the spaces can generate new combinations of knowledge and resources that can advance innovation theory and practice, especially at the regional level.