NATURE OF EXCHANGE IN PARABIOTIC RATS
NATURE OF EXCHANGE IN PARABIOTIC RATS
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DOI：
10.1152/ajplegacy.1950.161.1.56
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发表时间：
1950-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
VANDYKE, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HUFF, RL;TRAUTMAN, R;VANDYKE, DC
本研究基于一种假设的物理模型，该模型是通过用lWg标记的相容大鼠红细胞和用Na%标记的等渗盐水进行转移研究得到证实的。早在1862年，在Claude Bernard实验室工作的Paul Bert就通过手术将大鼠联合起来，使它们能够或多或少地自然而永久地生活在联合中(I)。关于他的工作，他写道：“被称为异种共生的实验的目的是通过两只动物的皮肤和皮下组织连接起来，以便通过建立共同的循环来建立营养物质的交换。”血管的结合导致了生理上或多或少的完整统一。在解剖的时候，我给几只动物注射了针，我自己也看到，相同口径的血管之间已经建立起了血管通讯....为了证明这种交流在生理上的重要性，我给一只动物皮下注射了颠多拉，另一只动物在5到30分钟内瞳孔扩张。”大约50年过去了，才出现了表明这类调查有重大进展的论文。1908年，Sauerbach和Heyde(2)开始了对异种共生大鼠的细致而广泛的研究，许多其他研究者将其扩展到许多不同的分支中。大多数实验生物学家认为，这种结合为描述那些由于循环物质对细胞的作用而产生的生理现象提供了机会，而这些生理现象是由任何其他机制引起的。虽然对一种动物的体液和溶质与另一种动物的关系进行了大量的讨论和一些实验，但几乎没有确切的知识。人们通常认为一对夫妇的体液是自由交换的，但过去许多异种共生实验的结果使一些人怀疑大鼠异种共生技术是否建立了生理上的统一性。事实上，对以下一些实验的解释包括了体液物质交换存在障碍的推论。Ranzi和Ehrlich发现，注射破伤风毒素对治疗动物是有害的，但对其伴侣无害，而注射被杀死的霍乱和斑疹伤寒生物导致治疗动物早期产生主动免疫，未注射的双胞胎在一段时间后才产生被动免疫(3)。christa和Denk注意到注射的双胞胎的凝血时间延长
This study is based on a postulated physical model substantiated by trans-fer studies with compatible rat erythrocytes tagged with lWg and isotonic saline tagged with Na% As early as 1862, Paul Bert, working in Claude Bernard’s laboratory, surgically united rats so that they were able to live in combination more or less naturally and permanently(I). Concerning his work he wrote:“The object of the experiments called parabiosis was to join two animals by their skin and subcutaneous tissue in order to establish an exchange of nutritive material by establishment of a common circulation. The vascular union resulted in a more or less complete physiological unity. At autopsy I injected several animals and demonstrated to myself that vascular communication had established itself between vessels of the same caliber.... As evidence of the physiological importance of this communication, I injected belladona subcutaneously into one animal and the other showed pupillary dilation in five to thirty minutes.” Approximately 50 years elapsed before papers appeared indicating a sign& cant renewal of such investigations. In 1908 Sauerbach and Heyde (2) started a careful and extensive research with parabiotic rats which was to be expanded by many other investigators into numerous and diverse ramifications. It was thought by most experimental biologists that such a combination offered an opportunity for the delineation of those physiologic phenomena occurring as a result of the action on cells of a circulating substance, in contrast to those arising by any other mechanism. Although there was considerable discussion and some experimentation concerning the relation of the body fluids and solutes of one animal to the other, there was little exact knowledge. It was generally assumed that there was free interchange of fluids of the members of a pair, but the results of many parabiotic experiments in the past have caused some individuals to doubt that the rat parabiotic technique establishes physiologic unity. In fact, the interpretation of some of the following experiments has included the inference that there was a barrier to the exchange of humoral substances. Ranzi and Ehrlich found that the injection of tetanus toxin was deleterious to the treated animal but was harmless to its partner, while the injection of killed cholera and typhus organisms resulted in early active immunity in the treated animal and the uninjected twin only developed passive immunity some time later (3). Christea and Denk noted a prolongation of clotting time in the injected twin when