Accident probabilities and seat belt usage: A psychological perspective☆
Accident probabilities and seat belt usage: A psychological perspective☆
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事故概率与安全带使用：心理学视角☆
DOI：
10.1016/0001-4575(78)90030-1
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发表时间：
1978
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
S. Lichtenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Slovic;Baruch Fischhoff;S. Lichtenstein
司机不愿系安全带的研究表明：(a)保护行为更多地受到危险发生的可能性的影响，而不是其后果的严重程度；(b)人们不倾向于自愿保护自己免受概率极低的威胁。有人认为，在任何一次汽车旅行中死亡或受伤的概率可能太低，不足以引起驾车者的关注。维护“单次旅行”的观点使安全带不太可能被使用。改变观点，考虑一生驾驶过程中面临的风险，可能会增加受伤和死亡的感知概率，因此，促使更多的人系安全带。
Motorists' reluctance to wear seat belts is examined in light of research showing (a) that protective behavior is influenced more by the probability of a hazard than by the magnitude of its consequences and (b) that people are not inclined to protect themselves voluntarily against very low probability threats. It is argued that the probability of death or injury on any single auto trip may be too low to incite a motorist's concern. Maintenance of a “single trip” perspective makes it unlikely that seat belts will be used. Change of perspective, towards consideration of the risks faced during a lifetime of driving, may increase the perceived probabilities of injury and death and, therefore, induce more people to wear seat belts.