増大特集 ALS2019 家族性ALS

増大特集 ALS2019 家族性ALS
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增加特色 ALS2019 家族性 ALS

DOI:
10.11477/mf.1416201427
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
青木 正志
青木 正志
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
鈴木 直輝;西山 亜由美;加藤 昌昭;割田 仁;青木 正志

文献摘要

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肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)是成人进展最迅速的运动神经元疾病(MND),其特征是运动皮层、脑干和脊髓的运动神经元选择性死亡。利鲁唑和依达拉奉是迄今为止日本唯一批准的药物。大约10%的ALS病例是家族性的,定义为存在致病突变。SOD1是日本人最常见的ALS致病基因,而C9orf72突变在西方国家更为普遍。家族性ALS文献中描述的基因型-表型相关性使建立疾病模型成为可能。本文综述了家族性肌萎缩侧索硬化的临床特点,并以各致病突变为基础。详细讨论了ALS的发病机制,包括蛋白抑制、RNA代谢和轴突病理。基于动物模型和诱导多能干细胞的分析,综述了家族性ALS治疗策略的发展现状。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most rapidly progressive motor neuron disease (MND) in adults, characterized by the selective death of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Riluzole and edaravone are the only approved drugs available in Japan to date. Approximately 10% of ALS cases are familial in rature, defined as the existence of disease-causing mutation. SOD1 is the most frequent causative gene for ALS among Japanese individuals, while C9orf72 mutation is more prevalent in Western countries. Genotype-phenotype correlation described in the literature of familial ALS enables to establish models of the disease. This review article describes the clinical characteristics of familial ALS based on each disease-causing mutation. The pathomechanism of ALS including proteostasis, RNA metabolism, and axonal pathology are discussed in detail. We also reviewed the status of development of therapeutic strategies for familial ALS based on analysis of animal models and induced pluripotent stem cells.