Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle
Xenopus tropicalis egg extracts provide insight into scaling of the mitotic spindle
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.200610043
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Heald, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Katherine S.;Blower, Michael D.;Heald, Rebecca
非洲爪蛙在发育生物学和细胞生物学研究中都起到了重要作用，但这种模式生物在遗传学和蛋白质组学研究中的应用受到世代时间长和假四倍体基因组未测序的限制。热带非洲爪哇是非洲爪哇的一个小型、繁殖速度较快的近亲，最近被用于发育遗传学和功能基因组学的研究，并被选为基因组测序的对象。我们发现，热带按蚊卵子提取物重建了外源添加的精子核周围的核形成和两极纺锤体组装的基本细胞周期事件。有趣的是，热带梭菌的纺锤体比莱维氏梭菌的纺锤体短30%，混合实验揭示了细胞质因子对纺锤体大小的动态、剂量依赖的调节。微管动力学的测量表明，与莱维氏X.laevis相比，热带X.tropicalis提取物中的微管聚合速度较慢，但这种差异不太可能解释纺锤体大小的差异。因此，除了扩大发育和细胞生物学实验的范围外，热带X线虫的使用还为控制纺锤体形态发生的复杂机制提供了新的见解。
sThe African clawed frog Xenopus laevis has been instrumental to investigations of both development and cell biology, but the utility of this model organism for genetic and proteomic studies is limited by its long generation time and unsequenced pseudotetraploid genome. Xenopus tropicalis, which is a small, faster-breeding relative of X. laevis, has recently been adopted for research in developmental genetics and functional genomics, and has been chosen for genome sequencing. We show that X. tropicalis egg extracts reconstitute the fundamental cell cycle events of nuclear formation and bipolar spindle assembly around exogenously added sperm nuclei. Interestingly, X. tropicalis spindles were similar to 30% shorter than X. laevis spindles, and mixing experiments revealed a dynamic, dose-dependent regulation of spindle size by cytoplasmic factors. Measurements of microtubule dynamics revealed that microtubules polymerized slower in X. tropicalis extracts compared to X. laevis, but that this difference is unlikely to account for differences in spindle size. Thus, in addition to expanding the range of developmental and cell biological experiments, the use of X. tropicalis provides novel insight into the complex mechanisms that govern spindle morphogenesis.