Which components of processing speed are affected in ADHD subtypes?
Which components of processing speed are affected in ADHD subtypes?
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DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2018.1556625
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发表时间：
2019-10-03
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Jagger-Rickels, Audreyana C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kibby, Michelle Y.;Vadnais, Sarah A.;Jagger-Rickels, Audreyana C.
术语处理速度（PS）包括许多组件，包括感知、认知和输出速度。尽管有证据表明注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的PS减少，但人们对ADHD中哪些成分受影响最大，或者它如何因亚型而异知之甚少。参与者包括151名儿童，年龄8- 12岁，ADHD主要是注意力不集中型，ADHD组合型和典型的发展控制使用DSM-IV标准。所有的孩子都完成了四项处理速度的测量：符号搜索，编码，决策速度和简单反应时间。我们发现ADHD-PI和ADHD-C儿童的知觉和心理/附带学习速度比对照组慢，ADHD-PI儿童的决策速度比对照组慢。亚型在这些指标上没有差异。ADHD患者的平均反应时间是完整的。因此，在一个非常基本的输出水平上，ADHD儿童的整体速度并没有受损，但随着任务需求的增加，他们的处理速度变得不如对照组有效。此外，知觉和心理速度与注意力不集中有关，心理速度/附带学习与多动/冲动有关。因此，注意力不集中可能导致效率较低的性能和对具有较高感知和/或心理负荷的任务的细节的注意力较差;而多动/冲动可能会影响心理速度/附带学习，可能通过更大的不准确性和/或降低学习效率。决策速度与这两个维度都没有关系。结果表明，PS赤字主要与ADHD的注意力不集中方面，但不是唯一的。研究结果还表明，PS不是一个单一的过程，而是一个多方面的系统，在ADHD中受到不同的影响。
The term processing speed (PS) encompasses many components including perceptual, cognitive and output speed. Despite evidence for reduced PS in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), little is known about which component(s) is most impacted in ADHD, or how it may vary by subtypes. Participants included 151 children, ages 8-12years, with ADHD Predominantly Inattentive Type, ADHD Combined Type and typically developing controls using DSM-IV criteria. All children completed four measures of processing speed: Symbol Search, Coding, Decision Speed, and simple reaction time. We found children with ADHD-PI and ADHD-C had slower perceptual and psychomotor/incidental learning speed than controls and that ADHD-PI had slower decision speed than controls. The subtypes did not differ on any of these measures. Mean reaction time was intact in ADHD. Hence, at a very basic output level, children with ADHD do not have impaired speed overall, but as task demands increase their processing speed becomes less efficient than controls'. Further, perceptual and psychomotor speed were related to inattention, and psychomotor speed/incidental learning was related to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Thus, inattention may contribute to less efficient performance and worse attention to detail on tasks with a higher perceptual and/or psychomotor load; whereas hyperactivity/impulsivity may affect psychomotor speed/incidental learning, possibly via greater inaccuracy and/or reduced learning efficiency. Decision speed was not related to either dimension. Results suggest that PS deficits are primarily linked to the inattention dimension of ADHD but not exclusively. Findings also suggest PS is not a singular process but rather a multifaceted system that is differentially impacted in ADHD.