Exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy in a multiethnic, urban cohort.
Exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy in a multiethnic, urban cohort.
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在多种族的城市队列中，怀孕期间室内农药接触。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.5619
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发表时间：
2003-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Wolff, Mary S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berkowitz, Gertrud S;Obel, Josephine;Deych, Elena;Lapinski, Robert;Godbold, James;Liu, Zhisong;Landrigan, Philip J;Wolff, Mary S
越来越多的证据表明，在美国，室内接触农药的情况相当严重，而且城市地区的农药浓度可能特别高。特别令人关注的是孕妇的接触，因为动物数据表明，在怀孕期间和生命早期接触农药可能会损害后代的神经发育。为了调查产前暴露于室内杀虫剂与婴儿生长发育之间的关系，我们正在对纽约市西奈山医院分娩的母亲和婴儿进行一项前瞻性、多种族队列研究。本文提供了农药暴露的数据的基础上，问卷项目和分析的母亲尿代谢物水平的386名妇女。调查问卷和实验室数据都显示，室内杀虫剂的暴露量相当大。根据调查问卷数据估计，在怀孕期间接触过室内杀虫剂的妇女比例（约70%）略低于以前调查中报告使用杀虫剂的80-90%的美国家庭，但后来的一些调查包括室内和室外杀虫剂的使用。尿中代谢物3，5，6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCPy;中位数= 11.3微克/克肌酐）、苯氧基苯甲酸（PBA;中位数=19.3微克/克肌酐）和五氯苯酚（PCP;中位数=7.3微克/克肌酐）的水平高于美国其他成人研究报告的水平。此外，农药问卷调查数据和尿液代谢物之间没有明显的关联。利用问卷数据和代谢物水平对社会人口和建筑特征进行的评估显示没有一致的趋势。观察到尿PBA存在显著的时间变化，但未观察到TCPy或PCP。PBA的时间变化与拟除虫菊酯农药的季节性喷洒一致。这些数据强调了评估农药暴露对胎儿和婴儿的潜在不利影响的必要性，以及寻找替代虫害管理方法以减少农药暴露的重要性。
Evidence is growing that indoor pesticide exposure is of considerable magnitude in the United States and that pesticide concentrations may be especially high in urban areas. Of particular concern is exposure of pregnant women because animal data suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early life may impair neurodevelopment in the offspring. To investigate the relationship between prenatal exposure to indoor pesticides and infant growth and development, we are conducting a prospective, multiethnic cohort study of mothers and infants delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. This article provides data on pesticide exposure based on questionnaire items and analysis of maternal urinary metabolite levels among 386 women. Both the questionnaire and laboratory data revealed that exposure to indoor pesticides was considerable. The proportion of women estimated from questionnaire data as having been exposed during pregnancy to indoor pesticides (approximately 70%) was somewhat lower than the 80-90% of American households who reportedly used pesticides in previous surveys, but some of the latter surveys included both indoor and outdoor pesticide use. Urinary metabolite levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy; median = 11.3 micro g/g creatinine), phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA; median =19.3 micro g/g creatinine), and pentachlorophenol (PCP; median =7.3 micro g/g creatinine) were higher than those reported in other studies of adults in the United States. Furthermore, no associations were evident between the pesticide questionnaire data and the urinary metabolites. Assessments of sociodemographic and building characteristics with questionnaire data and the metabolite levels revealed no consistent trends. Significant temporal variations were observed for urinary PBA but not TCPy or PCP. The temporal variations for PBA were consistent with seasonal spraying of pyrethroid pesticides. These data underscore the need to assess the potentially adverse effects of pesticide exposure on fetuses and infants and the importance of finding alternative methods for pest management to reduce pesticide exposures.