Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom
Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-1665-2019
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发表时间：
2019-02-08
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Topping, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Forde, Elizabeth;Gallagher, Martin;Topping, David
初级生物气溶胶颗粒（PBAP）是大气气溶胶颗粒的丰富子集，其包括病毒、细菌、真菌孢子、花粉以及诸如植物和动物碎片的碎片。这些粒子的丰度和多样性仍然没有受到很好的约束，这给模拟情景和了解这些粒子在不同环境中的潜在影响带来了很大的不确定性。在英国的四个不同地点（Weybourne，达维德斯托，卡佩尔德维，和Chilbolton）使用紫外光诱导荧光（UV-LIF）仪器，宽带集成生物气溶胶光谱仪（WIBS），版本3和4，PBAP浓度进行了研究。然后通过与已知颗粒类型的实验室数据进行比较，评估其日变化并检查其与气象变量温度，相对湿度，风速和风向的关系，对荧光颗粒和簇进行分析。使用当地的土地覆盖类型，可疑的荧光颗粒和集群的来源，然后identified.Most网站表现出湿排放真菌孢子优势，与一个网站，达维德斯托，其中有较高浓度的细菌，建议导致当地的乳品厂和农场的存在。差异被确定为湿排放的真菌孢子的来源，与粒子来自可耕地和园艺土地在奇尔博尔顿，并改善草地地区在Weybourne。在卡佩尔德维的总荧光颗粒被推断为包括两个来源，与来自阔叶和针叶林的细菌和湿排放的真菌孢子从附近的改善草原地区，类似Weybourne. HAC方法的使用和更高的荧光阈值（9个标准偏差，而不是3）产生的集群被认为是生物完整的分析。关于不同物种生物颗粒类型对气象条件波动（如相对湿度和温度）的反应的更多已发表数据和信息将有助于此类研究中的颗粒类型表征。
Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are an abundant subset of atmospheric aerosol particles which comprise viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, pollen, and fragments such as plant and animal debris. The abundance and diversity of these particles remain poorly constrained, causing significant uncertainties for modelling scenarios and for understanding the potential implications of these particles in different environments. PBAP concentrations were studied at four different sites in the United Kingdom (Weybourne, Davidstow, Capel Dewi, and Chilbolton) using an ultraviolet light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) instrument, the Wide-band Integrated Bioaerosol Spectrometer (WIBS), versions 3 and 4.Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster (HAC) analysis, particles were statistically discriminated. Fluorescent particles and clusters were then analysed by comparing to laboratory data of known particle types, assessing their diurnal variation and examining their relationship to the meteorological variables temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Using local land cover types, sources of the suspected fluorescent particles and clusters were then identified.Most sites exhibited a wet discharged fungal spore dominance, with the exception of one site, Davidstow, which had higher concentrations of bacteria, suggested to result from the presence of a local dairy factory and farm. Differences were identified as to the sources of wet discharged fungal spores, with particles originating from arable and horticultural land at Chilbolton, and improved grassland areas at Weybourne. Total fluorescent particles at Capel Dewi were inferred to comprise two sources, with bacteria originating from the broadleaf and coniferous woodland and wet discharged fungal spores from nearby improved grassland areas, similar to Weybourne.The use of the HAC method and a higher fluorescence threshold (9 standard deviations instead of 3) produced clusters which were considered to be biological following the complete analysis. More published data and information on the reaction of different speciated biological particle types to fluctuations in meteorological conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature, would aid particle type characterisation in studies such as this.