Tuberculosis Infection and Latent Tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis Infection and Latent Tuberculosis.
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DOI：
10.4046/trd.2016.79.4.201
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lee SH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lee SH
活动性结核病(TB)对结核杆菌的负担比潜伏性结核病更大，是接触者的感染源。结核潜伏感染(LTBI)是指人类感染结核分枝杆菌而没有任何临床症状、放射学异常或微生物学证据的状态。结核杆菌可通过直径1-5微米、含有1-10个结核杆菌的呼吸道液滴核传播。结核病的传播受到感染源的强度、结核杆菌的传染性、宿主的免疫抵抗力、环境压力和生物社会因素的影响。减少结核病传播的感染控制包括管理活动、行政控制、工程控制、环境控制和提供个人防护装备。然而，作为国家结核病控制规划的LTBI的诊断和治疗是在不错过活动性结核病的前提下的一项重要战略。因此，基于临床和公众视角的LTBI治疗需要更多的具体证据。
Active tuberculosis (TB) has a greater burden of TB bacilli than latent TB and acts as an infection source for contacts. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the state in which humans are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis without any clinical symptoms, radiological abnormality, or microbiological evidence. TB is transmissible by respiratory droplet nucleus of 1–5 µm in diameter, containing 1–10 TB bacilli. TB transmission is affected by the strength of the infectious source, infectiousness of TB bacilli, immunoresistance of the host, environmental stresses, and biosocial factors. Infection controls to reduce TB transmission consist of managerial activities, administrative control, engineering control, environmental control, and personal protective equipment provision. However, diagnosis and treatment for LTBI as a national TB control program is an important strategy on the precondition that active TB is not missed. Therefore, more concrete evidences for LTBI management based on clinical and public perspectives are needed.