Integrated techno-economic assessment of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) under off-design conditions: Links between provision of market services and thermodynamic performance

Integrated techno-economic assessment of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) under off-design conditions: Links between provision of market services and thermodynamic performance
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114589
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
Applied Energy
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
A. Vecchi;Yongliang Li;P. Mancarella;A. Sciacovelli
A. Vecchi;Yongliang Li;P. Mancarella;A. Sciacovelli
中科院分区：
工程技术1区
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Vecchi;Yongliang Li;P. Mancarella;A. Sciacovelli

文献摘要

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本文介绍了液体空气储能(LAES)--一种最有潜力提供大容量储能功能的热力机械技术。更具体地说，对LAES在提供多种能源和频率控制辅助服务时的性能进行了综合技术和经济评估。为此，开发了LAES的非设计热力学模型，并根据文献中的实验数据进行了验证，以了解所提供的市场服务的具体要求与LAES工厂每个组件的性能之间的联系，并由此了解整个LAES工艺的性能。然后，该模型被应用于评估独立的LAES电厂在英国电力市场提供三种特定资产时的表现：套利、短期运营备用(STOR)和快速备用(FR)。得到的结果清楚地表明：(A)服务类型与LAES非设计状态之间存在且不能忽略的强烈联系；(B)在非设计运行期间，往返效率和液体空气消耗量可能相差高达30%，导致约10千兆GB/兆瓦的收入损失；(C)非设计状态的影响在LAES部件中分布不均，其中受影响最大的是低压水轮机；(D)适当的调节策略可以缓解但不能防止非设计性能变化，将往返效率提高高达4个百分点。因此，所建立的模型对于现实地评估LAES参与电力市场和支持低碳电力系统运营和发展的价值和制约因素至关重要。
This paper deals with Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) – one of the most promising thermo-mechanical technologies with the potential to provide bulk energy storage functionalities. More specifically, an integrated technical and economic assessment of the performance of LAES when providing multiple energy and frequency control ancillary services is carried out. To this end, an off-design thermodynamic model of LAES was developed and validated against experimental data from the literature to allow understanding the links between the specific requirements of the market services to provide and the performance of each component of the LAES plant, and from here the performance of whole LAES process. The model was then applied to assess how a stand-alone LAES plant performs when providing three specific assets in the UK electricity market: arbitrage, short term operating reserve (STOR), and fast reserve (FR). The results obtained clearly demonstrate that (a) a strong link between type of service and LAES off-design conditions exists and cannot be neglected; (b) roundtrip efficiency and liquid air consumption can vary by up to 30% during off-design operation, causing some 10 k£/MW of missed revenue; (c) the effect of off-design conditions is unevenly distributed across LAES components, with low-pressure turbines affected the most; (d) a suitable regulation strategy can alleviate but not prevent off-design performance variations, improving roundtrip efficiency by up to 4 percentage points. The modelling developed is thus essential for a realistic assessment of the value and constraints for LAES to participate in electricity markets and support low-carbon power system operation and development.