Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL
Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL
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DOI：
10.3390/app7060592
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Zastrau, Ulf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tschentscher, Thomas;Bressler, Christian;Zastrau, Ulf
欧洲 XFEL 是一个自由电子激光 (FEL) 用户设施，最初为六台科学仪器提供软和硬 X 射线 FEL 辐射。欧洲 XFEL 将于 2017 年秋季开始用户运营，将为物理、化学、地球和行星科学、材料科学或生物学等不同科学领域的用户提供新的研究机会。欧洲 XFEL 的独特功能是在软和硬 X 射线范围内提供高平均亮度，并结合 FEL 辐射的极端峰值强度、飞秒脉冲持续时间和高度相干性的脉冲特性。高平均亮度是通过超导电子加速器每秒加速高达 27,000 个电子束来实现的。在用户实验中实现这种高平均亮度是欧洲 XFEL 仪器的主要驱动因素之一。三个 FEL 源产生的辐射通过长光束传输系统分布到科学仪器并排放置的实验大厅。 X 射线束传输系统经过优化，可保持 FEL 辐射的独特功能，并使用内置光子诊断功能对其进行监控。这六种科学仪器使用软或硬 X 射线技术针对特定应用进行了优化，包括集成激光器、专用样品环境、大面积高帧率探测器和能够处理大量数据的计算系统。
European XFEL is a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility providing soft and hard X-ray FEL radiation to initially six scientific instruments. Starting user operation in fall 2017 European XFEL will provide new research opportunities to users from science domains as diverse as physics, chemistry, geo- and planetary sciences, materials sciences or biology. The unique feature of European XFEL is the provision of high average brilliance in the soft and hard X-ray regime, combined with the pulse properties of FEL radiation of extreme peak intensities, femtosecond pulse duration and high degree of coherence. The high average brilliance is achieved through acceleration of up to 27,000 electron bunches per second by the super-conducting electron accelerator. Enabling the usage of this high average brilliance in user experiments is one of the major instrumentation drivers for European XFEL. The radiation generated by three FEL sources is distributed via long beam transport systems to the experiment hall where the scientific instruments are located side-by-side. The X-ray beam transport systems have been optimized to maintain the unique features of the FEL radiation which will be monitored using build-in photon diagnostics. The six scientific instruments are optimized for specific applications using soft or hard X-ray techniques and include integrated lasers, dedicated sample environment, large area high frame rate detector(s) and computing systems capable of processing large quantities of data.