Temperature response of the neuronal cytoskeleton mapped via atomic force and fluorescence microscopy
Temperature response of the neuronal cytoskeleton mapped via atomic force and fluorescence microscopy
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DOI：
10.1088/1478-3975/10/5/056002
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Staii, Cristian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spedden, Elise;Kaplan, David L.;Staii, Cristian
神经元细胞响应于外部物理刺激而改变其生长特性，所述外部物理刺激例如外部温度、生长基质的硬度或地形引导线索的变化。控制这些生物力学响应的机制的详细知识对于理解神经元生长和再生的基本原理是必要的。在这里，我们提出了弹性地图的活皮层神经元（胚胎大鼠）作为温度的函数，并将这些地图的细胞骨架的内部结构组件的位置。当环境温度从37 ℃降低到25 ℃时，神经元的平均弹性模量显著增加。我们表明，神经元的弹性变化响应温度的主导机制是肌球蛋白II诱导的细胞骨架的肌动蛋白成分的硬化。我们还报告了一个可逆的位移的位置和组成的神经元细胞骨架的高刚度地区与温度。在37 ℃时，细胞显示高弹性模量的区域与微管蛋白密集区域重叠，而在25 ℃时，这些高刚度区域对应于细胞骨架的肌动蛋白密集区域。这些结果表明，在研究细胞骨架动力学时，考虑温度效应的重要性。
Neuronal cells change their growth properties in response to external physical stimuli such as variations in external temperature, stiffness of the growth substrate, or topographical guidance cues. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms that control these biomechanical responses is necessary for understanding the basic principles that underlie neuronal growth and regeneration. Here, we present elasticity maps of living cortical neurons (embryonic rat) as a function of temperature, and correlate these maps to the locations of internal structural components of the cytoskeleton. Neurons display a significant increase in the average elastic modulus upon a decrease in ambient temperature from 37 to 25 degrees C. We demonstrate that the dominant mechanism by which the elasticity of the neurons changes in response to temperature is the stiffening of the actin components of the cytoskeleton induced by myosin II. We also report a reversible shift in the location and composition of the high-stiffness areas of the neuron cytoskeleton with temperature. At 37 degrees C the areas of the cell displaying high elastic modulus overlap with the tubulin-dense regions, while at 25 degrees C these high-stiffness areas correspond to the actin-dense regions of the cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate the importance of considering temperature effects when investigating cytoskeletal dynamics in cells.