Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in Physcomitrella patens
Microtubules Regulate Dynamic Organization of Vacuoles in Physcomitrella patens
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DOI：
10.1093/pcp/pcp031
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Hasezawa, Seiichiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oda, Yoshihisa;Hirata, Aiko;Hasezawa, Seiichiro
真核细胞已经形成了几种基本的膜成分。在开花植物中，主要膜成分的适当结构和分布主要受肌动蛋白微丝的调节。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了苔藓Physcomitrella patens中液泡结构的调节机制。Patens进行同源重组的能力使我们能够稳定表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)或红色荧光蛋白(RFP)融合蛋白，而P.patens简单的体部结构使我们能够对细胞内的空泡和细胞骨架结构进行详细的可视化。三维分析和高速延时观察揭示了液泡令人惊讶的复杂结构和动力学，具有内层和管状突起，并通过膜的分离和融合频繁重排。微管的解聚极大地影响了这些结构和运动。微管和液泡膜的双重观察表明，微管诱导了管状突起和空泡的细胞质束，表明微管和空泡膜之间存在相互作用。这些结果证明了微管在维持液泡分布方面的一种新功能，并表明在陆地植物进化过程中细胞骨架功能的功能分化。
Eukaryotic cells have developed several essential membrane components. In flowering plants, appropriate structures and distributions of the major membrane components are predominantly regulated by actin microfilaments. In this study, we have focused on the regulatory mechanism of vacuolar structures in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. The high ability of P. patens to undergo homologous recombination enabled us stably to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP) fusion proteins, and the simple body structure of P. patens enabled us to perform detailed visualization of the intracellular vacuolar and cytoskeletal structures. Three-dimensional analysis and high-speed time-lapse observations revealed surprisingly complex structures and dynamics of the vacuole, with inner sheets and tubular protrusions, and frequent rearrangements by separation and fusion of the membranes. Depolymerization of microtubules dramatically affected these structures and movements. Dual observation of microtubules and vacuolar membranes revealed that microtubules induced tubular protrusions and cytoplasmic strands of the vacuoles, indicative of interactions between microtubules and vacuolar membranes. These results demonstrate a novel function of microtubules in maintaining the distribution of the vacuole and suggest a functional divergence of cytoskeletal functions in land plant evolution.