Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: its importance and a framework.
Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: its importance and a framework.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12992-016-0164-x
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发表时间：
2016-06-15
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Sen A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baum FE;Sanders DM;Fisher M;Anaf J;Freudenberg N;Friel S;Labonté R;London L;Monteiro C;Scott-Samuel A;Sen A
随着跨国公司日益主导全球贸易和投资并影响各国经济，跨国公司的做法对健康和公平的不利影响已成为公共卫生的主要关切。尽管如此，一直缺乏方法来研究个别公司的健康公平影响，从而为减轻或扭转负面影响和增加积极影响的行动提供信息。本文报告了一个旨在进行企业健康影响评估（CHIA）的框架，该框架是在2015年5月在洛克菲勒基金会贝拉焦中心举行的一次会议上开发的。根据会议的审议情况，建议CHIA应以事后评估为基础，并遵循筛选、范围界定、确定、评估、决策和建议等标准HIA步骤。制定并设计了一个进行CHIA的框架，以适用于跨国公司在国际上的做法，并适用于各国国内的做法，从而能够比较不同环境下的做法和健康影响。与会者建议，在评估影响时，应考虑到跨国公司的全球和国家经营背景;其组织结构、政治和商业惯例（包括其产品的类型、分销和营销）;劳动力和工作条件、社会因素、环境、消费模式以及各国的经济状况。我们预计，CHIA的结果将被民间社会用于能力建设和宣传目的，被政府用于为监管决策提供信息，并被跨国公司用于减少其对健康的负面影响并履行对企业社会责任的承诺。
The adverse health and equity impacts of transnational corporations’ (TNCs) practices have become central public health concerns as TNCs increasingly dominate global trade and investment and shape national economies. Despite this, methodologies have been lacking with which to study the health equity impacts of individual corporations and thus to inform actions to mitigate or reverse negative and increase positive impacts. This paper reports on a framework designed to conduct corporate health impact assessment (CHIA), developed at a meeting held at the Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center in May 2015. On the basis of the deliberations at the meeting it was recommended that the CHIA should be based on ex post assessment and follow the standard HIA steps of screening, scoping, identification, assessment, decision-making and recommendations. A framework to conduct the CHIA was developed and designed to be applied to a TNC’s practices internationally, and within countries to enable comparison of practices and health impacts in different settings. The meeting participants proposed that impacts should be assessed according to the TNC’s global and national operating context; its organisational structure, political and business practices (including the type, distribution and marketing of its products); and workforce and working conditions, social factors, the environment, consumption patterns, and economic conditions within countries. We anticipate that the results of the CHIA will be used by civil society for capacity building and advocacy purposes, by governments to inform regulatory decision-making, and by TNCs to lessen their negative health impacts on health and fulfil commitments made to corporate social responsibility.