Oocyte growth and development in teleosts
Oocyte growth and development in teleosts
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00122584
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发表时间：
1996-09
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
C. Tyler;J. Sumpter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Tyler;J. Sumpter
卵母细胞的生长和发育是鱼类和渔业生物学的一个重要问题。本文回顾了有关硬骨鱼卵母细胞生长模式以及卵母细胞生长速率和动态的可用信息。在同步产卵器中，性腺的重量可能占鱼总体重的 40%。在异步产卵器中，成熟卵巢的重量比同步排卵器轻得多，但卵巢表现出更规则的周期性，并且在繁殖季节可能多次重复生长。硬骨鱼卵的大小差异很大，已知最大的直径可达 8 厘米。在遗传限制所设定的变异限度内，同一物种的种群之间的蛋大小可能会有所不同。所有硬骨鱼的卵母细胞都经历相同的基本生长模式：卵子发生、初级卵母细胞生长、皮质肺泡阶段、卵黄发生、成熟和排卵。本综述讨论了控制卵母细胞生长的机制，尽管与所有其他脊椎动物一样，可用的信息非常有限。已被证明影响卵巢生长的主要激素是促性腺激素、甲状腺激素、生长激素、胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子。本文第二部分的重点是对生育力决定因素的概述，特别是卵母细胞的招募和闭锁。遗传学和营养对繁殖力有重大影响，迄今为止的研究表明，繁殖力的决定因素通常在配子发生的早期阶段发挥作用。闭锁在决定生育力中的作用尚不清楚。本综述的最后部分重点介绍了鱼类卵巢发育研究的一些重点研究领域。
Oocyte growth and development is an important issue in fish and fisheries biology. This paper reviews the information available on oocyte growth patterns and the rates and dynamics of oocyte growth in teleosts. In synchronous spawners, the weight of the gonad may represent as much as 40% of the overall body weight of the fish. In asynchronous spawners, the weight of the mature ovary is considerably less than in synchronous ovulators, but the ovary shows a more regular periodicity and may grow repeatedly many times during the breeding season. There is a huge variability in egg size in teleosts, with the largest known measuring up to 8 cm in diameter. Within the limits of variance set by genetic constraints, egg size may vary between populations of the same species. Oocytes in all teleosts undergo the same basic pattern of growth: oogenesis, primary oocyte growth, cortical alveolus stage, vitellogenesis, maturation and ovulation. The mechanisms that control oocyte growth are addressed in this review, albeit that the available information, as in all other vertebrates, is very limited. The main hormones that have been shown to affect ovarian growth are gonadotrophin, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, insulin and insulin-like growth factors. An overview of the determinants of fecundity, with particular reference to oocyte recruitment and atresia, is the focus of the second part of the paper. Genetics and nutrition have major effects on fecundity, and studies so far suggest that the determinants of fecundity usually operate during the early part of gametogenesis. The role of atresia in determining fecundity is less clear. The final part of this review highlights some areas of study that are priorities for research on ovarian development in fish.