Macronutrient balance mediates trade-offs between immune function and life history traits
Macronutrient balance mediates trade-offs between immune function and life history traits
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01766.x
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wilson, Kenneth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cotter, Sheena C.;Simpson, Stephen J.;Wilson, Kenneth
P>1。饮食和健康密切相关，最近的研究发现，热量限制会影响免疫功能。然而，当在大量营养素组成不同的饮食之间进行选择时，病原体感染的个体可以选择改善其生存的饮食，这表明饮食的营养组成以及其卡路里含量可以在防御疾病方面发挥作用。此外，当个体在感染时改变他们的饮食，这表明最适合生长的饮食不是最适合免疫的，导致权衡。目前，我们对饮食对免疫力影响的认识是有限的，因为以前的实验操纵了单一营养素或饮食的卡路里含量，而没有考虑它们的相互作用。通过同时操纵的饮食组成（质量）和它的热量密度（数量），在幼稚和免疫挑战的昆虫，我们问饮食的质量和数量如何影响个人的能力，安装一个免疫反应？在多大程度上，分配权衡是由基于数量和质量的限制驱动的？3.我们将个体限制在20种蛋白质和碳水化合物含量不同的饮食中，并使用3D响应面来可视化饮食对幼虫生长和免疫性状的影响。我们的研究结果表明，组成性和诱导性免疫反应都不受营养素消耗总量的限制，而是不同的性状对常量营养素（饮食质量）比例的变化有不同的反应，并在常量营养素空间的不同区域达到峰值。因此，优选的膳食组合物代表了生长和免疫应答的营养需求之间的折衷。我们还表明，非致病性免疫挑战不影响饮食选择，而是免疫挑战的昆虫修改其营养分配，以提高其免疫反应。我们的研究结果表明，免疫性状受到饮食中大量营养素含量的影响，没有饮食可以同时优化免疫系统的所有组成部分。迄今为止，重点一直是微量营养素在提高免疫力方面的作用，我们的研究结果表明，这必须扩大到包括被忽视的大量营养素对防御疾病的影响。
P>1. Diet and health are intimately linked and recent studies have found that caloric restriction can affect immune function. However, when given a choice between diets that differ in their macronutrient composition, pathogen-infected individuals can select a diet that improves their survival, suggesting that the nutritional composition of the diet, as well as its calorie content, can play a role in defence against disease. Moreover, as individuals change their diet when infected, it suggests that a diet that is optimal for growth is not optimal for immunity, leading to trade-offs.2. Currently, our knowledge of the effects of diet on immunity is limited because previous experiments have manipulated either single nutrients or the calorie content of the diet without considering their interactive effects. By simultaneously manipulating both the diet composition (quality) and its caloric density (quantity), in both naive and immune-challenged insects, we asked how do diet quality and quantity influence an individual's ability to mount an immune response? And to what extent are allocation trade-offs driven by quantity- versus quality-based constraints?3. We restricted individuals to 20 diets varying in their protein and carbohydrate content and used 3D response surfaces to visualize dietary effects on larval growth and immune traits. Our results show that both constitutive and induced immune responses are not limited by the total quantity of nutrients consumed, but rather different traits respond differently to variation in the ratios of macronutrients (diet quality), and peak in different regions of macronutrient space. The preferred dietary composition therefore represents a compromise between the nutritional requirements of growth and immune responses. We also show that a non-pathogenic immune challenge does not affect diet choice, rather immune-challenged insects modify their allocation of nutrients to improve their immune response.4. Our results indicate that immune traits are affected by the macronutrient content of the diet and that no diet can simultaneously optimize all components of the immune system. To date the emphasis has been on the effects of micronutrients in improving immunity, our findings indicate that this must be widened to include the neglected impact of macronutrients on defence against disease.