Indirect Rule and Varieties of Governance
Indirect Rule and Varieties of Governance
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间接统治和治理的多样性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Paul Staniland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adnan Naseemullah;Paul Staniland
本文重新审视了间接规则这一古老的概念。我们认为，从殖民地和后殖民南亚的证据，间接统治实际上代表了一套不同的治理形式，需要明确区分。使用一种新的类型学的各种治理，我们表明，殖民地政府建立宗主国，混合，和法律上的治理，除了直接统治跨领土，基于国家的激励和约束。在非殖民化过程中，治理形式的范围缩小并发生了变化，但并没有消失，这表明后殖民国家有充分的理由维持非正统的治理形式。戏剧性的转变，以及持久的连续性，挑战了路径依赖和坚持传统的简单叙述，相反，表明政府已经有意识地选择了如何治理。最后，我们讨论了这些论点对更广泛地理解国家权力的影响。
This article reexamines the venerable concept of indirect rule. We argue, drawing on evidence from colonial and postcolonial South Asia, that indirect rule actually represented a diverse set of governance forms that need to be clearly distinguished. Using a new typology of varieties of governance, we show that colonial governments established suzerain, hybrid, and de jure governance, in addition to direct rule across territories, based on the incentives and constraints of the state. The repertoire of governance forms narrowed and changed but did not disappear during decolonization, showing that the postcolonial state had powerful reasons to maintain forms of heterodox governance. Dramatic shifts, alongside enduring continuity, challenge a simple narrative of path dependence and the adherence to tradition, instead showing that governments have made conscious choices about how to govern. We conclude by discussing the implications of these arguments for broader understandings of state power.