Early attachment security, subsequent maternal sensitivity, and later child development: does continuity in development depend upon continuity of caregiving?
Early attachment security, subsequent maternal sensitivity, and later child development: does continuity in development depend upon continuity of caregiving?
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DOI：
10.1080/14616730210167267
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Fearon, R M Pasco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belsky, Jay;Fearon, R M Pasco
为了验证以下假设：(1)最有能力的3岁儿童是那些有安全依恋史的儿童（15个月大），随后经历了（相对）高敏感的母亲（24个月大）；(2)最不称职的儿童是那些有不安全依恋史的儿童，随后经历了（相对）低敏感的母亲；(3)那些混合或不一致的依恋敏感性历史的儿童介于两者之间。作为NICHD早期儿童保育研究的一部分收集的数据进行了检查。在所有五个发展结果（问题行为、社会能力、表达性语言、接受性语言、入学准备）的情况下，先验测试支持了这一假设，尽管群体手段并不总是在预测的方向上排名。对具有混合依恋敏感性历史的儿童的进一步计划比较显示，在所有结果的情况下，随后经历高敏感母亲的不安全依恋儿童的表现明显优于随后经历低敏感母亲的安全儿童。后续分析强调了母亲和家庭压力在解释为什么一些在15个月时被归类为安全的婴儿在24个月时经历了低敏感的母亲照顾，以及为什么一些被归类为不安全的婴儿随后经历了高敏感的母亲照顾方面的作用。结果讨论了早期经验在塑造发展中的作用。
In order to test the hypothesis (1) that the most competent 3-year-olds would be those with histories of secure attachment (at 15 months) who subsequently experienced (relatively) high-sensitive mothering (at 24 months), (2) that the least competent children would be those with histories of insecure attachment who subsequently experienced (relatively) low-sensitive mothering, and (3) that those with mixed or inconsistent attachment-sensitivity histories would fall in between, data gathered as part of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care were examined. A-priori tests supported the hypothesis in the case of all five developmental outcomes examined (problem behavior, social competence, expressive language, receptive language, school readiness), though group means did not always rank in the predicted direction. Further planned comparisons of children with mixed attachment-sensitivity histories revealed that, in the case of all outcomes, insecurely attached children who subsequently experienced high-sensitive mothering significantly outperformed secure children who subsequently experienced low-sensitive mothering. Follow-up analyses highlighted the role of maternal and family stress in accounting for why some infants who were classified as secure at 15 months experienced low-sensitive mothering at 24 months and why some infants classified as insecure subsequently experienced high-sensitive mothering. Results are discussed with regard to the role of early experience in shaping development.