The rise of the engineering profession in eighteenth century Europe: an introductory overview
The rise of the engineering profession in eighteenth century Europe: an introductory overview
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十八世纪欧洲工程职业的兴起：介绍性概述
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
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通讯作者：
I. Gouzévitch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hélène Vérin;I. Gouzévitch
关于工程师在18世纪欧洲的作用，还有许多工作要做，在这篇简短的介绍性综述中，我们并不声称提供了一个详尽的历史视角。相反，我们试图提供一个框架，在这个框架内，通过例子来捕捉发展的主线。在现阶段，不可能涵盖所有国家的案例，甚至不可能对已经进行的研究进行全面的比较分析。其目的更为温和：基于个人研究和广泛的阅读提出一些假设。关于这个问题的初步结果和大量参考文献：Vérin and Gouzévitch，Sobre la Incubricion y el Desarrollo de la Ingeneria，2005，115-64。 欧洲启蒙运动的世纪（1697-1815），以科学家和学术界的交流为特征，也是经济竞争、技术竞争、政治冲突和战争的世纪。所有这些因素联合收割机在欧洲产生了一种新的工程实践。然而，根据国家的不同，我们可以观察到知识占用战略的显著差异，以促进技术的发展，工程师的培训以及他们的职业，他们的社会地位，甚至他们的工程师头衔的行使都有很大的不同。一些共同点是：军事工程的重要性，这得益于政府的关注，非常渐进的引进科学的实践工程师，并建立专门的学校。但是，再一次，根据国家的不同，这些学校被嫁接到特定的传统教学。因此，我们提出了一个类型学的具体国家的培训和教育的工程师在十八世纪欧洲。
Much work remains to be done on the role of engineers in Europe in the eighteenth century and we do not, in this short introductory survey, claim to offer an exhaustive historical perspective. Instead, we try to provide a framework within which to capture, by means of examples, the main lines of development. At this stage, it is not possible to cover all the national cases, nor even to provide a fully comparative analysis of those studies that have been undertaken. The aim is more modest: to suggest some hypotheses based on individual research and wide reading. For its initial results and a large bibliography on the question: Vérin and Gouzévitch, Sobre la Institucion y el Desarrollo de la Ingeneria, 2005, 115–64. The century of European enlightenment (1697–1815), characterized by exchanges between scientists and academies, is also that of economic rivalry, technical competition, political conflict, and war. All these factors combine to produce in Europe a new practice of engineering in the midst of transformation. Yet, depending upon the country, we can observe significant differences in the strategies of knowledge appropriation in order to promote the growth of technology, a great variety in the training of engineers as well as in the exercise of their profession, their social status, even their title of engineer. Some common points are: the importance of military engineering which profits from the attentions of governments, the very progressive introduction of sciences in the practice of engineers, and the creation of special schools. But, once again, depending upon the country, these schools are grafted onto particular traditional teachings. Accordingly we propose a typology of the country-specific training and education of engineers in eighteenth century Europe.