The Uncanny Valley: Effect of realism on the impression of artificial human faces
The Uncanny Valley: Effect of realism on the impression of artificial human faces
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DOI：
10.1162/pres.16.4.337
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nagayama, Ruth S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seyama, Jun'ichiro;Nagayama, Ruth S.
机器人专家认为，人们会对具有几乎但不完全逼真的人类外观的类人机器人产生不愉快的印象。这被称为“恐怖谷”，它不仅适用于机器人，也适用于任何类型的类人物体，比如玩偶、面具、面部漫画、虚拟现实中的化身和计算机图形电影中的角色。本研究通过测量观察者对人脸图像的印象来研究恐怖谷现象，这些人脸图像的逼真程度是通过在人造人脸和真实人脸之间变形来操纵的。当面部图像高度逼真时，会给人留下最不愉快的印象，这支持了恐怖谷假说。然而，恐怖谷现象只有在变形的脸有不正常的特征，比如奇怪的眼睛时才会被证实。这些结果表明，拥有几乎完全真实的人类外表是恐怖谷的必要条件，但不是充分条件。恐怖谷只有在同时存在异常特征时才会出现。
Roboticists believe that people will have an unpleasant impression of a humanoid robot that has an almost, but not perfectly, realistic human appearance. This is called the uncanny valley, and is not limited to robots, but is also applicable to any type of human-like object, such as dolls, masks, facial caricatures, avatar's in virtual reality, and characters in computer graphics movies. The present study investigated the uncanny valley by measuring observers' impressions of facial images whose degree of realism was manipulated by morphing between artificial and real human faces. Facial images yielded the most unpleasant impressions when they were highly realistic, supporting the hypothesis of the uncanny valley. However, the uncanny valley was confirmed only when morphed faces had abnormal features such as bizarre eyes. These results suggest that to have an almost perfectly realistic human appearance is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for the uncanny valley. The uncanny valley emerges only when there is also an abnormal feature.