Disturbance of shallow marine soft-bottom environments and megabenthos assemblages by a huge tsunami induced by the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.

Disturbance of shallow marine soft-bottom environments and megabenthos assemblages by a huge tsunami induced by the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0065417
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Kogure Y
Kogure Y
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Seike K;Shirai K;Kogure Y

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与巨型逆冲断层地震相关的巨大海啸波对浅海生态系统产生严重影响。我们调查了2011年M9.0 Tohoku-Oki地震产生的海啸对日本东北部泥质和桑迪海岸(大槌湾和船越湾)海底和大型底栖动物的影响。我们在海啸前(2010年9月)和海啸后(2011年9月和2012年9月)使用水肺设备在水深<20 m的地方进行了水下实地调查。在研究期间,研究区海底的地形和粒度组成发生了阶段性变化。大型底栖生物取样显示,每个底栖物种的分布演替模式不同。例如,原枝双壳类的Yoldia notabilis(双壳类:珠母贝科)和异齿双壳类的Felaniella usta(双壳类:有蹄类)在海啸事件后消失,而金星蛤Gomphina melanaegis(双壳类:金星蛤科)的分布保持不变。此外,一个单一的物种,如巨大的按钮顶壳Umbonium costatum(腹足纲:Trochidae)和心脏海胆Echinoacidum cordatum(Echinoidea:Loveniidae)的演替模式,研究的两个海湾之间的变化。我们的数据还表明,重建的一些底栖动物种群开始在18个月的海啸干扰。
Huge tsunami waves associated with megathrust earthquakes have a severe impact on shallow marine ecosystems. We investigated the impact of a tsunami generated by the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake on the seafloor and large benthic animals in muddy and sandy ria coasts (Otsuchi and Funakoshi bays) in northeastern Japan. We conducted underwater field surveys using scuba equipment in water depths of <20 m before the tsunami (September 2010) and after the tsunami (September 2011 and September 2012). During the study period, episodic changes in topography and grain-size composition occurred on the seafloor of the study area. Megabenthos sampling revealed a distinct pattern of distribution succession for each benthic species. For example, the protobranch bivalve Yoldia notabilis (Bivalvia: Nuculanidae) and the heterodont bivalve Felaniella usta (Bivalvia: Ungulinidae) disappeared after the tsunami event, whereas the distribution of the venus clam Gomphina melanaegis (Bivalvia: Veneridae) remained unchanged. In addition, the patterns of succession for a single species, such as the giant button top shell Umbonium costatum (Gastropoda: Trochidae) and the heart urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Echinoidea: Loveniidae), varied between the two bays studied. Our data also show that reestablishment of some benthic animal populations began within 18 months of the tsunami disturbance.
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