Effects of nitrogen nutrition, fungicide treatment and wheat genotype on free asparagine and reducing sugars content as precursors of acrylamide formation in bread
Effects of nitrogen nutrition, fungicide treatment and wheat genotype on free asparagine and reducing sugars content as precursors of acrylamide formation in bread
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DOI：
10.17221/382-pse
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发表时间：
2009-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hajslova, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinek, P.;Klem, K.;Hajslova, J.
丙烯酰胺是一种具有神经毒性和潜在致癌作用的单体，在热处理富含碳水化合物的食品中通过美拉德反应形成。丙烯酰胺的主要前体是还原糖和氨基酸天冬酰胺。本研究旨在分析氮素营养、叶病防治、小麦基因型及其互作对小麦粉中丙烯酰胺前体物含量的影响。天冬酰胺含量一般在较高的氮剂量下增加，并且氮剂量从0增加到180 kg/ha使天冬酰胺含量增加到约250%。最高水平的天冬酰胺确定在早春施氮。在2006年与高叶病侵染，杀真菌剂处理降低天冬酰胺含量，特别是在较高的氮剂量。在2007年，叶部病害的防治效果并没有表现出来，表现在很低的侵染水平上。在叶部病害胁迫（杀菌剂处理）和干旱胁迫（年份）一定的情况下，小麦粉中蛋白质含量与游离天冬酰胺含量之间存在密切关系。天冬酰胺含量受小麦基因型的影响很大，基因型间差异超过200%。就杀菌剂处理的补偿效应而言，与氮营养相比，较高强度的效果较低。小麦面粉中葡萄糖含量随杀菌剂处理和总强度水平的降低而降低。氮剂量增加葡萄糖含量高达120公斤N/公顷。较高的氮剂量降低葡萄糖含量的初始水平。
Acrylamide, a monomer with neurotoxic and potential carcinogenic effect, is formed via the Maillard reaction in heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods. The major acrylamide precursors are reducing sugars and the amino acid asparagine. The aim of this study was to analyse effects of nitrogen nutrition, leaf disease control, wheat genotype and their interactions on acrylamide precursors content in wheat flour. Asparagine content was generally increasing at higher nitrogen doses, and nitrogen dose increase from 0 to 180 kg/ha increased the asparagine content to about 250%. The highest asparagine levels were determined at early spring nitrogen application. In the year 2006 with high leaf disease infestation, fungicide treatment decreased asparagine content particularly at higher nitrogen doses. In 2007, the effect of leaf disease control did not express in respect of very low infestation level. Close relationship between protein content and free asparagine in wheat flour was determined when leaf disease stress (fungicide treatment) and drought stress (year) were constant. Asparagine content was strongly influenced by wheat genotype and the differences between genotypes exceeded 200%. Effect of higher intensity was lower as compared to nitrogen nutrition, with regard to compensatory effect of fungicide treatments. Glucose content in wheat flour decreased both with fungicide treatment and total intensity level. Nitrogen dose increased glucose content up to 120 kg N/ha. Higher nitrogen doses decreased glucose content to initial level.