Current Research on Methamphetamine: Epidemiology, Medical and Psychiatric Effects, Treatment, and Harm Reduction Efforts
Current Research on Methamphetamine: Epidemiology, Medical and Psychiatric Effects, Treatment, and Harm Reduction Efforts
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DOI：
10.22122/ahj.v6i3-4.187
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Seyed Ramin Radfar;R. Rawson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Seyed Ramin Radfar;R. Rawson
背景：甲基苯丙胺(MA)，在伊朗被称为“shisheh”，是一种在世界许多地区广泛使用的药物，它近十年来为大多数吸毒者提供，并有相当大的使用率。由于滥用的高流行率和非常新的挑战性现象，研究人员和治疗提供者对MA的不同方面更加熟悉是非常重要的。讨论它对神经系统有多种神经生物学影响，有些是暂时的，有些是持久的。MA激活大脑的奖励系统，产生高度强化的效果，这可能导致滥用和依赖。快速产生药物作用的给药途径(即吸烟和注射)可能会导致更快的成瘾以及更多的医疗和精神影响。目前还没有有效的药物疗法来治疗MA依赖，尽管这是一个非常活跃的研究领域。一些行为疗法已被证明可以减少MA的使用，但还需要更好的治疗方法。结论需要针对未寻求治疗的MA使用者采取减少危害的策略，以降低感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的风险和其他医疗风险。MA的研究议程是大量的，开发有效的药物疗法是最重要的优先事项之一。由于伊朗和该区域其他一些国家的MA问题日益增多，对预防、治疗和减少危害服务作出了适当和有效的反应。
Background Methamphetamine (MA) which is known as “shisheh” in Iran is a drug that widely is used in many parts of the world and it is near to a decade that is available for the most drug users and has a considerable prevalence of use. Due to high abuse prevalence and very new challenging phenomenon, it is very important that researchers and treatment providers become more familiar with different aspects of MA. Discussion It has multiple neurobiological impacts on the nervous system, some of which are transitory and some longer lasting. MA activates the reward system of the brain and produces effects that are highly reinforcing, which can lead to abuse and dependence. Routes of administration that produce rapid onset of the drug’s effects (i.e., smoking and injection) are likely to lead to more rapid addiction and more medical and psychiatric effects. No effective pharmacotherapies have been developed for the treatment of MA dependence; although, this is an area of very active research. Several behavioral treatments have been shown to reduce MA use, but better treatments are needed. Conclusion Harm reduction strategies for non-treatment seeking MA users are needed to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus and other medical risks. The research agenda for MA is substantial, with development of effective pharmacotherapies as one of the most important priorities. Appropriate and effective response for prevention, treatment and harm reduction services due to increasing problems regarding MA in Iran and some other countries in the region.