Reappraisal of incentives ameliorates choking under pressure and is correlated with changes in the neural representations of incentives
Reappraisal of incentives ameliorates choking under pressure and is correlated with changes in the neural representations of incentives
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DOI：
10.1093/scan/nsy108
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
O'Doherty, John P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunne, Simon;Chib, Vikram S.;O'Doherty, John P.
人们观察到，高风险的表现可能会导致反常的糟糕表现，这是矛盾的。在这里，我们研究了一种新的方法来减轻这种压力下的窒息，通过指示参与者执行一项要求苛刻的运动任务，以金钱收益奖励成功的表现，重新评估这种激励作为不成功表现的金钱损失。我们表明，当参与者应用这个简单的策略时，窒息显著减少。这一策略还影响了参与者的神经和生理活动。当参与者将激励重新评估为潜在的金钱损失时，腹侧纹状体血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号中激励的大小的表示被减弱。此外，神经反应对激励的衰减程度的个体差异预测了重新评估策略在减少窒息方面的有效性。此外，参与者的皮肤电导随激励的大小而变化，并在参与者失败的高激励试验中被夸大。对激励的重新评估取消了这种夸大的皮肤电导反应。这是首次将交感神经兴奋与窒息联系起来的实验。综上所述，这些结果表明，重新评估激励确实是一种有希望的干预措施，可以减轻压力下的窒息。
It has been observed that the performing for high stakes can, paradoxically, lead to uncharacteristically poor performance. Here we investigate a novel approach to attenuating such choking under pressure by instructing participants performing a demanding motor task that rewards successful performance with a monetary gain, to reappraise this incentive as a monetary loss for unsuccessful performance. We show that when participants applied this simple strategy, choking was significantly reduced. This strategy also influenced participants neural and physiological activity. When participants reappraised the incentive as a potential monetary loss, the representation of the magnitude of the incentive in the ventral striatum Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal was attenuated. In addition, individual differences in the degree of attenuation of the neural response to incentive predicted the effectiveness of the reappraisal strategy in reducing choking. Furthermore, participants skin conductance changed in proportion to the magnitude of the incentive being played for, and was exaggerated on high incentive trials on which participants failed. Reappraisal of the incentive abolished this exaggerated skin conductance response. This represents the first experimental association of sympathetic arousal with choking. Taken together, these results suggest that reappraisal of the incentive is indeed a promising intervention for attenuating choking under pressure.