EMERGING VIRUSES
EMERGING VIRUSES
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DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican1095-56
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
LEGUENNO, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LEGUENNO, B
版权所有，1995科学美国人，公司或有时多器官衰竭。出血热病毒分为几个家族。禽流感病毒是已知时间最长的病毒。这些病毒包括引起黄热病并由蚊子传播的阿米里尔病毒，以及其他导致蚊子和壁虱传播疾病的病毒，如登革热。最近发现的病毒属于另外三个家族：ArenaVirus、BunyaVirus(包括汉坦病毒的一组)和LoVirus。它们的名字像Puumala，Guanarito和Ebola，取自它们第一次引起公认的疾病爆发的地方。所有导致出血热的Arena病毒和Bunya病毒都在不同的动物种群中自然传播。事实上，它们直接在人与人之间传播的情况并不常见。相反，流行病与动物的存在有关，动物是病毒的储备者，有时也是帮助将病毒传播给人的媒介。各种啮齿动物是这些病毒的绝佳栖息地，因为这些啮齿动物在感染时没有表现出任何迹象。尽管如此，它们一生都会通过粪便，特别是尿液中释放病毒颗粒。就细小病毒而言，它们仍然是一个谜：我们不知道它们是如何传播的。
Copyright 1995 Scientific American, Inc. es or sometimes multiple organ failure. Hemorrhagic fever viruses are divided into several families. The’aviviruses have been known for the longest. They include the Amaril virus that causes yellow fever and is transmitted by mosquitoes, as well as other viruses responsible for mosquito-and tick-borne diseases, such as dengue. Viruses that have come to light more recently belong to three other families: arenaviruses, bunyaviruses (a group that includes the hantaviruses) and ‘loviruses. They have names like Puumala, Guanarito and Ebola, taken from places where they ‘rst caused recognized outbreaks of disease.All the arenaviruses and the bunyaviruses responsible for hemorrhagic fevers circulate naturally in various populations of animals. It is actually uncommon for them to spread directly from person to person. Epidemics are, rather, linked to the presence of animals that serve as reservoirs for the virus and sometimes as vectors that help to transfer it to people. Various species of rodent are excellent homes for these viruses, because the rodents show no signs when infected. Nevertheless, they shed viral particles throughout their lives in feces and, particularly, in urine. The ‘loviruses, for their part, are still a mystery: we do not know how they are transmitted.