Self-reported disability in rural Malawi: prevalence, incidence, and relationship to chronic conditions.
Self-reported disability in rural Malawi: prevalence, incidence, and relationship to chronic conditions.
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DOI：
10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15196.5
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Crampin AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Prynn JE;Dube A;Mwaiyeghele E;Mwiba O;Geis S;Koole O;Nyirenda M;Kuper H;Crampin AC
背景：残疾是一个复杂的概念，涉及身体损伤、活动限制和参与限制。华盛顿小组开发了一套关于六个功能领域（视觉、听觉、行走、记忆、自我照顾和沟通）的问题，以便收集有关残疾的可比数据。我们的目的是提高对马拉维低收入环境中残疾患病率和相关因素的了解。方法：本研究在马拉维Karonga健康和人口监测点进行巢式研究；2014年，华盛顿集团的问题被添加到年度调查中。我们使用2014年调查的横断面数据来估计当前残疾的患病率，并检查残疾与某些慢性疾病的关系。然后，我们使用2015年调查的面板数据回顾了残疾的发生率和解决方案。结果：在10,863名参与者中，9.6% （95% CI 9.0-10.1%）报告了至少一个领域的残疾。女性患病率较高，且随年龄增长而增加。糖尿病和肥胖与女性的残疾有关，糖尿病也与男性的残疾有关。高血压和HIV都与残疾无关。对于任何领域，报告“没有困难”或“根本不会做”的参与者可能在一年后报告相同的状态，而描述“有些困难”和“很多困难”的人之间有相当大的变化。结论：残疾患病率很高，并可能随着时间的推移而增加。进一步研究这一群体的状况对于确保制定包容性政策和实现可持续发展目标至关重要。
Background: Disability is a complex concept involving physical impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction. The Washington Group developed a set of questions on six functional domains (seeing, hearing, walking, remembering, self-care, and communicating) to allow collection of comparable data on disability. We aimed to improve understanding of prevalence and correlates of disability in this low-income setting in Malawi. Methods: This study is nested in the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in Malawi; the Washington Group questions were added to the annual survey in 2014. We used cross-sectional data from the 2014 survey to estimate the current prevalence of disability and examine associations of disability with certain chronic conditions. We then reviewed the incidence and resolution of disability over time using panel data from the 2015 survey. Results: Of 10,863 participants, 9.6% (95% CI 9.0-10.1%) reported disability in at least one domain. Prevalence was higher among women and increased with age. Diabetes and obesity were associated with disability among women, and diabetes was also associated with disability among men. Neither hypertension nor HIV were associated with disability. Participants reporting “no difficulty” or “can’t do at all” for any domain were likely to report the same status one year later, whereas there was considerable movement between people describing “some difficulty” and “a lot of difficulty”. Conclusions: Disability prevalence is high and likely to increase over time. Further research into the situation of this population is crucial to ensure inclusive policies are created and sustainable development goals are met.