Biotests for environmental quality assessment of composted sewage sludge
Biotests for environmental quality assessment of composted sewage sludge
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wasman.2013.02.022
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Itavaara, Merja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kapanen, Anu;Vikman, Minna;Itavaara, Merja
以污水污泥为基础的产品，如堆肥和生长培养基的质量受到污水污泥污染的影响，可能有数百种不同的物质。因此，仅仅依靠化学分析很难实现对污泥基产品的可靠环境质量评价。在目前的工作中，我们演示了使用动力学发光细菌测试（ISO 21338），以评估急性毒性和Vitotox（TM）测试，以监测污水污泥和堆肥污水污泥的遗传毒性。此外，内分泌干扰和二恶英样活性进行了研究，使用酵母细胞为基础的测定。废水处理厂处理的工业废水的相对贡献导致污水污泥中多环芳烃（PAHs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多氯二苯并二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/F）的浓度升高。也可以通过生物试验确定有机污染物含量升高的影响，这些生物试验能够证明较高的急性毒性、遗传毒性和内分泌破坏特性的可能性。在动态发光细菌试验中，使用DMSO和己烷的额外浸提步骤增加了检测到的毒性水平。堆肥中试规模有效地减少了直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS），壬基酚和壬基酚乙氧基化物（NPE/NPs）和PAH的相对去除率分别为84%，61%和56%。此外，堆肥过程中的急性毒性，遗传毒性和内分泌干扰和二恶英类活性的降低可以检测到。然而，生物测试在评估富含有机物的测试介质（如污水污泥和堆肥）的生态毒性方面确实存在局限性，必须承认样本特性对生物测试生物的影响。然而，堆肥基质本身含有大量的营养物质、树皮和泥炭，降低了遗传毒性试验和酵母生物报告基因测定的灵敏度。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
The quality of sewage sludge-based products, such as composts and growth media, is affected by the contamination of sewage sludge with, potentially, hundreds of different substances. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the reliable environmental quality assessment of sewage sludge-based products solely based on chemical analysis. In the present work, we demonstrate the use of the kinetic luminescent bacteria test (ISO 21338) to evaluate acute toxicity and the Vitotox (TM) test to monitor genotoxicity of sewage sludge and composted sewages sludge. In addition, endocrine-disrupting and dioxin-like activity was studied using yeast-cell-based assays. The relative contribution of industrial waste water treated at the Waste Water Treatment Plants led to elevated concentrations of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/F) in sewage sludge. The effect of elevated amounts of organic contaminants could also be identified with biotests able to demonstrate higher acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and potential for endocrine-disruptive properties. Additional extraction steps in kinetic luminescent bacteria test with DMSO and hexane increased the level of toxicity detected. Composting in a pilot-scale efficiently reduced the amounts of linear alkylbenzensulphonates (LASs), nonylphenols and nonylphenolethoxylates (NPE/NPs) and PAH with relative removal efficiencies of 84%, 61% and 56%. In addition, decrease in acute toxicity, genotoxicity and endocrorine-disrupting and dioxin-like activity during composting could be detected. However, the biotests did have limitations in accessing the ecotoxicity of test media rich with organic matter, such as sewage sludge and compost, and effects of sample characteristics on biotest organisms must be acknowledged. The compost matrix itself, however, which contained a high amount of nutrients, bark, and peat, reduced the sensitivity of the genotoxicity tests and yeast bioreporter assays. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.