Multiple Impact of Integrated Watershed Management in Low Rainfall Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study from Eastern Rajasthan, India
Multiple Impact of Integrated Watershed Management in Low Rainfall Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study from Eastern Rajasthan, India
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低降雨量半干旱地区综合流域管理的多重影响：印度拉贾斯坦邦东部案例研究
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
R. Sudi
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作者：
P. Pathak;A. K. Chourasia;S. Wani;R. Sudi
印度拉贾斯坦邦东部低降雨量地区的农业特点是干旱、自然资源退化和普遍贫困、粮食不安全和营养不良的高风险。在这一地区，水是升级传统农业的主要限制因素。在这些地区，综合流域管理被认为是促进农业增长和恢复脆弱和退化土地的一个潜在办法。在印度拉贾斯坦邦东部本迪的Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura村，采用整体系统办法实施了一个综合流域项目。本文讨论了该流域规划对生物物理，社会经济，环境和生态参数的影响。结果表明，由于流域的干预措施，地下水的可用性大大增加，带来了高价值作物的种植模式的变化。灌溉面积和种植密度沿着大幅增加，作物从传统作物向商业经济作物多样化。流域方案还显著改善了流域社区的社会经济地位。它增加了流域人民的收入，减少了贫困。流域干预措施创造了良好的就业机会，并大大减少了熟练和非熟练劳动力从流域村庄向城市地区的迁移。改善了流域的环境质量和生态状况。流域干预措施增加了植被指数或绿化，减少了径流，土壤流失和土地退化，并改善了脆弱生态系统的生物多样性。总的来说，Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura的综合流域计划通过确保持续和可持续的多种产出，以及水土保持和其他积极的环境影响，提供了恢复力。
The agriculture in low rainfall areas of eastern Rajasthan, India is characterized by high risks from drought, degraded natural resources and pervasive poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. In this region, water is the main limiting factor for upgrading rainfed agriculture. For such areas integrated watershed management is recognized as a potential approach for agriculture growth and rehabilitation of fragile and degraded lands. At Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura village in Bundi eastern Rajasthan, India an integrated watershed project was implemented using the holistic systems approach. This paper discusses the impacts of this watershed program on bio-physical, socio-economic, environmental and ecological parameters. Results indicate that due to watershed interventions the groundwater availability has substantially increased which brought changes in cropping patterns with high value crops. Significant increases in irrigated area, cropping intensity along with diversification of crops from traditional to commercial cash crops were recorded. The watershed program also significantly improved the socio-economic status of the watershed community. It has increased the income and reduced poverty of the people in the watershed. The watershed interventions generated good employment opportunities and significantly reduced the migration of both skilled and unskilled labor from the watershed village to urban areas. It has also improved the environmental quality and ecological status in the watershed. The watershed interventions increased the vegetative index or greenery, reduced runoff, soil loss, and land degradations and improved the bio-diversity in fragile ecosystems. Overall, the integrated watershed program at Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura provided resilience by ensuring continued and sustainable multiple outputs, besides soil and water conservation and other positive environmental effects.