The Following Response of Young Coots and Moorhens
The Following Response of Young Coots and Moorhens
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幼年白顶鸡和黑黑鸡的以下反应
DOI：
10.1163/156853956x00318
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发表时间：
1956
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Hinde
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Thorpe;M. Vince;R. Hinde
(I)对幼年人工饲养的沼鸡(Gallinula Loropus)和库茨(Fulica Atra)进行了实验，以调查影响以下反应的因素的性质。(Ii)许多物体在大小和形状上各不相同，但具有运动的共同性质，可以引起跟随。(3)以下反应的建立不依赖于孵化、喂养或父母通常指示其幼崽的任何其他活动，尽管这些活动可能在性质上发挥作用。(4)可以训练禽鸟在连续的奔跑中遵循不同的模式。此外，在一种模型上训练的鸟类将在几乎整个它们将遵循的整个时期推广到其他模型。从这个意义上说，学习并不是不可逆转的。(V)如果从孵化后的第一天开始进行测试，则沼鸡更有可能效仿，而不是先让几天过去。在生命的最初几天，逃亡增加，这可能是限制建立以下反应的“敏感期”的一个重要因素。(Vi)只有在禽鸟被测试的对象是熟悉的对象时，才能在集中练习的条件下将以下反应保持在稳定的水平。讨论了这一点的重要意义。(Vii)没有证据表明“印记”与其他类型的学习有根本不同。有人认为，当鸟跟随移动的物体时，学习就发生了。
(i) Experiments with young hand-raised Moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) and Coots (Fulica atra) were performed in order to survey the nature of the factors influencing the following response. (ii) Following can be evoked by many objects quite different from each other in size and shape, but having in common the property of being in motion. (iii) The establishment of the following response is not dependent on brooding, feeding or any other activity normally directed by the parent to its young, though these may play a role in nature. (iv) Birds could be trained to follow different models on successive runs. Further, birds trained on one model would generalise to others throughout practically the whole period in which they would follow at all. In this sense, the learning is not irreversible. (v) Moorhens were more likely to follow if tested from the first day after hatching than if several days were first allowed to elapse. Fleeing increases during the first few days of life, and this may be an important factor limiting the "sensitive period" for the establishment of the following response. (vi) The following response is maintained at a steady level under conditions of massed practice only if the object on which the birds are being tested is a familiar one. The significance of this is discussed. (vii) There is no evidence that "imprinting" is fundamentally different from other types of learning. It is suggested that learning occurs when the bird follows the moving obj ect.