Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production
Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.10.004
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Bux, F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rawat, I.;Kumar, R. Ranjith;Bux, F.
利用微藻生产具有重要经济意义的碳中性生物柴油，因其具有较高的细胞脂浓度、资源和经济可持续性，以及相对于其他生物燃料来源的整体潜在优势，已被誉为石油柴油资源枯竭的最终替代方案。但是，需要回答有关利用微藻大规模生产生物柴油的商业可行性的问题。需要在每个阶段对关键步骤进行批判性分析。微藻的分离应基于海洋或淡水微藻、采集的培养物或本地野生类型是否最适合大规模生产的问题。此外，初始采样点的确定在菌种选择和菌种存活率的确定中起着关键作用。筛选过程应对产脂菌株进行鉴定、纯化和筛选。天然品系或应激品系的脂肪生产率更高吗？藻类与其他微生物之间自然产生的协同作用不容忽视。关于微藻的下游加工有很多文献，但关于微藻的上游加工用于生物质生产和油脂生产用于生物柴油生产的报道很少。在这篇综述中，我们对将研究结果从实验室规模的试验转化为全面应用的潜力进行了实证和批判性分析。从实验室到大规模的微藻养殖需要仔细的规划。必须进行广泛的试点前示范试验，并为大规模试验设计可能的数据外推制定合适的轨迹。详细讨论了光生物反应器和露天跑道池塘两种广泛使用的微藻培养方法的优缺点。此外，还对目前的生物质收获和油脂提取方法进行了严格的评价。这将是在不久的将来利用微藻生产生物柴油的新途径。在全球范围内，微藻是最大的生物质生产国，在生物燃料生产方面，微藻的中性脂肪含量高于竞争对手的陆地植物。然而，微藻油的粘度通常高于石油柴油。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The economically significant production of carbon-neutral biodiesel from microalgae has been hailed as the ultimate alternative to depleting resources of petro-diesel due to its high cellular concentration of lipids, resources and economic sustainability and overall potential advantages over other sources of biofuels. Pertinent questions however need to be answered on the commercial viability of large scale production of biodiesel from microalgae. Vital steps need to be critically analysed at each stage. Isolation of microalgae should be based on the question of whether marine or freshwater microalgae, cultures from collections or indigenous wild types are best suited for large scale production. Furthermore, the determination of initial sampling points play a pivotal role in the determination of strain selection as well as strain viability. The screening process should identify, purify and select lipid producing strains. Are natural strains or stressed strains higher in lipid productivity? The synergistic interactions that occur naturally between algae and other microorganisms cannot be ignored. A lot of literature is available on the downstream processing of microalgae but a few reports are available on the upstream processing of microalgae for biomass and lipid production for biodiesel production. We present in this review an empirical and critical analysis on the potential of translating research findings from laboratory scale trials to full scale application. The move from laboratory to large scale microalgal cultivation requires careful planning. It is imperative to do extensive pre-pilot demonstration trials and formulate a suitable trajectory for possible data extrapolation for large scale experimental designs. The pros and cons of the two widely used methods for growing microalgae by photobioreactors or open raceway ponds are discussed in detail. In addition, current methods for biomass harvesting and lipid extraction are critically evaluated. This would be novel approach to economical biodiesel production from microalgae in the near future. Globally, microalgae are largest biomass producers having higher neutral lipid content outcompeting terrestrial plants for biofuel production. However, the viscosities of microalgal oils are usually higher than that of petroleum diesel. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.