Clinical effects of high-fat meals and weight gain due to high-fat feeding.
Clinical effects of high-fat meals and weight gain due to high-fat feeding.
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DOI：
10.1038/ijosup.2012.23
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jensen, M D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gupta, N;Jensen, M D
过量摄入高脂肪食物会导致短期和长期的影响，这取决于肥胖状况（肥胖与非肥胖）和2型糖尿病的家族史。虽然超过4周的暴饮暴食会产生轻度胰岛素抵抗，但单次HF餐是否也会产生胰岛素抵抗尚不清楚。我们回顾了持续4-8周的过度喂养研究，单次HF餐的研究以及我们自己（未发表）的血浆胰岛素和葡萄糖浓度数据，这些数据来自59名非肥胖和15名超重/肥胖志愿者，他们要么吃正常脂肪（NF）早餐，要么吃碳水化合物和蛋白质匹配的早餐，但额外摄入80克单不饱和脂肪（HF）。4到8周的HF饮食过量会导致胰岛素敏感性降低10%。一些作者报道，单次HF餐与较高的餐后胰岛素浓度有关，而其他研究人员尚未证实这种反应。我们发现，在肥胖和非肥胖的成年人中，HF早餐后血浆葡萄糖浓度达到峰值的时间比NF早餐晚，并且白天血浆胰岛素浓度在HF早餐后并不均匀增加。我们得出结论，单次HF餐延迟餐后葡萄糖浓度峰值，可能是由于胃排空延迟。这将使使用胰岛素血症作为胰岛素抵抗标志的尝试变得混乱。在4-8周的HF饮食过量并伴有2-4kg的脂肪增加后，胰岛素敏感性降低了10%。虽然我们不能证明基线胰岛素抵抗预测过量喂养的内脏脂肪增加，但体重正常的2型糖尿病亲属确实比没有2型糖尿病家族史的亲属体重增加更多，胰岛素抵抗更严重。综上所述，HF饮食导致的短期体重增加会导致相对轻微的代谢紊乱。
Overfeeding high-fat (HF) meals results in both short-term and long-term effects that vary depending upon adiposity status (obese vs nonobese) and family history of type 2 diabetes. Although more than 4 weeks of overeating produces mild insulin resistance, whether the same is true of a single, HF meal is not clear. We reviewed overfeeding studies of 4-8 weeks duration, studies of single HF meals and our own (unpublished) plasma insulin and glucose concentration data from 59 nonobese and 15 overweight/obese volunteers who consumed either a normal-fat (NF) breakfast or a breakfast matched for carbohydrate and protein, but with an additional 80g of monounsaturated fat (HF). Four to eight weeks of overfeeding a HF diet causes an 10% reduction in insulin sensitivity. Some authors report that a single HF meal is associated with greater postprandial insulin concentrations, whereas other investigators have not confirmed such a response. We found that plasma glucose concentrations peaked later following a HF breakfast than a NF breakfast in both obese and nonobese adults and that daytime plasma insulin concentrations were not uniformly increased following a HF breakfast. We conclude that a single HF meal delays the postprandial peak in glucose concentrations, likely due to delayed gastric emptying. This will confound attempts to use insulinemia as a marker of insulin resistance. After 4-8 weeks of overeating a HF diet accompanied by 2-4kg of fat gain, insulin sensitivity decreases by 10%. Although we could not demonstrate that baseline insulin resistance predicts visceral fat gain with overfeeding, normal-weight relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus do tend to gain more weight and become more insulin resistant than those without a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In summary, short-term weight gain from HF diets induces relatively mild metabolic disorders.