An Architectonic for Science: The Structuralist Program

An Architectonic for Science: The Structuralist Program
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科学架构：结构主义纲领

DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Sneed
J. Sneed
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
W. Balzer;C. U. Moulines;J. Sneed

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I：模型和结构。- I.0简介。- I.1模型和潜在模型。- I.2类型和结构种类。- I.3集合论谓词和相似律。- I.4合理的解释。例子：决策理论。例子：碰撞机制。例子：经典粒子力学。-二：理论-要素。- II.0引言。- II.1核心和预期应用。- II.2约束条件。- II.2.1平衡态能量的广泛性热力学。- II.2.2经典力学中的等式约束。- II.2.3约束的一般概念- II.3理论、部分势模型和联系。- II.3.1理论概念的直观概念。- II.3.2决定非理论术语的理论间联系。- II.3.3理论性的非正式准则。- II.3.3.1弹簧秤测定重量inCPM。- II.3.3.2质量碰撞判定。- II.3.4理论性的形式准则。- II.4理论核心扩展。- II.5应用运营商。- II.6预期用途。- II.7理想化的理论要素和经验主张。-三：一些基本理论要素。- III.0引言。- III.1经典碰撞力学。- III.1.1 ccm的潜力和实际模型。- III.1.2 ccm的部分电位模型。- III.1.3 ccm的约束条件。- III.1.4 ccm的理论要素。- III.2相对论碰撞力学。- III.2.1 rcm的潜力和实际模型。- III.2.2 rcm的部分电位模型。- III.2.3 rcm的约束。- III.2.4 rcm的理论要素。经典粒子力学。- III.3.1 cpm的潜力和实际模型。- III.3.1.1 Force inCPM的逻辑状态。- III.3.2 cpm的部分电位模型。- III.3.3 cpm的约束。- III.3.4 cpm的理论要素。- III.4道尔顿化学计量学。- III.4.1 dstoi的可能模式。- III.4.2 dstoi的模型。- III.4.3 dstoi的部分电位模型。- III.4.4约束条件。- III.4.5链接福特斯托。- III.4.6诉讼请求的理论要件。- III.5简单平衡热力学。- III.5.1 seth的潜在模型。- III.5.2 seth的实际模型。- III.5.3 seth的部分电位模型。- III.5.4 seth的约束。- III.5.5 seth链接。拉格朗日力学。- III.6.1 flag的潜在和实际模型。- III.6.2 flag的部分电位模型。- III.6.3 lag的约束和链接。- III.6.4 flag的理论元素。- III.7纯粹交换经济学。- III.7.1 pee的潜力和实际模式。- III.7.2 pee的部分电位模型。- III.7.3 pee的理论要素。-四：理论网。- IV.0简介。- IV.1专业化。- IV.2理论网。- IV.3理论-净内容和经验主张。经典粒子力学的理论网。-简单平衡热力学理论网。五、理论的历时性结构。- V.0简介。- V.1语用原始概念。—V.1.1历史时期。—V.1.2历史优先级。- V.1.3科学家。- V.1.4科学界和科学世代。- V.1.5科学命题态度。- V.2理论-演变。- V.3 CPM的演变。——V.4赛斯的进化。-六：理论间关系。- VI.0简介。- VI.1全球理论间关系。- VI.2专业化和理论化。- VI.3减量类型。- VI.3.1碰撞力学归结为经典粒子力学。- VT.3.2刚体力学转化为经典粒子力学。- VI.4简化的一般概念。- VI.5经验等效性。- VI.5.1拉格朗日力学与经典力学的经验等价。- VI.6等效性。- VI.7还原、语言和不可通约性。-七：近似。- VII.0简介。- VII.1近似的类型。- VII.2理论内近似。- VII.2.1两层模糊。- VII.2.2可接受的近似。- VII.2.3经验主张的近似版本。- VII.2.4 Theory-Nets和theory - evolution中的近似。- VII.3理论间近似。- VII.3.1近似化简。- VII.3.1.1开普勒-牛顿关系的例子。-八：科学的全球结构。- VIII.0引言。- VIII.1理论。- VIII.2重新考虑理论。- VIII.3图和路径。- VIII.4全局理论中的局部经验命题。- VIII.5重新考虑拟申请。-基础主义与连贯主义。—名称索引。
I: Models and Structures.- I.0 Introduction.- I.1 Models and Potential Models.- I.2 Types and Structure Species.- I.3 Set-Theoretic Predicates and Lawlikeness.- I.4 Plausible Interpretations.- I.5 Example: Decision Theory.- I.6 Example: Collision Mechanics.- I.7 Example: Classical Particle Mechanics.- II: Theory-Elements.- II.0 Introduction.- II.1 Cores and Intended Applications.- II.2 Constraints.- II.2.1 Extensivity of Energy in EquilibriumThermodynamics.- II.2.2 Equality Constraint in Classical Mechanics.- II.2.3 The General Notion of a Constraint.- II.3 Theoreticity, Partial Potential Models, and Links.- II.3.1 An Intuitive Idea of Theoretical Concepts.- II.3.2 Intertheoretical Links Determining Non-Theoretical Terms.- II.3.3 An Informal Criterion of Theoreticity.- II.3.3.1 Spring Balance Determination of Weight inCPM.- II.3.3.2 Collision Determination of Mass inCCM.- II.3.4 A Formal Criterion of Theoreticity.- II.4 Theory-Cores Expanded.- II.5 Application Operators.- II.6 Intended Applications.- II.7 Idealized Theory-Elements and Empirical Claims.- III: Some Basic Theory-Elements.- III.0 Introduction.- III.1 Classical Collision Mechanics.- III.1.1 Potential and Actual Models ofCCM.- III.1.2 Partial Potential Models ofCCM.- III.1.3 Constraints forCCM.- III.1.4 The Theory-Element ofCCM.- III.2 Relativistic Collision Mechanics.- III.2.1 Potential and Actual Models ofRCM.- III.2.2 Partial Potential Models ofRCM.- III.2.3 Constraints forRCM.- III.2.4 The Theory-Element ofRCM.- III.3 Classical Particle Mechanics.- III.3.1 The Potential and Actual Models ofCPM.- III.3.1.1 The Logical Status of Force inCPM.- III.3.2 The Partial Potential Models ofCPM.- III.3.3 Constraints forCPM.- III.3.4 The Theory-Element ofCPM.- III.4 Daltonian Stoichiometry.- III.4.1 The Potential Models ofDSTOI.- III.4.2 The Models ofDSTOI.- III.4.3 The Partial Potential Models ofDSTOI.- III.4.4 Constraints forDSTOI.- III.4.5 Links forDSTOI.- III.4.6 The Theory-Element ofDSTOIand Its Claim.- III.5 Simple Equilibrium Thermodynamics.- III.5.1 The Potential Models ofSETH.- III.5.2 The Actual Models ofSETH.- III.5.3 The Partial Potential Models ofSETH.- III.5.4 Constraints forSETH.- III.5.5 Links forSETH.- III.6 Lagrangian Mechanics.- III.6.1 The Potential and Actual Models ofLAG.- III.6.2 The Partial Potential Models ofLAG.- III.6.3 Constraints and Links forLAG.- III.6.4 The Theory-Element ofLAG.- III.7 Pure Exchange Economics.- III.7.1 The Potential and Actual Models ofPEE.- III.7.2 The Partial Potential Models ofPEE.- III.7.3 The Theory-Element ofPEE.- IV: Theory-Nets.- IV.0 Introduction.- IV.1 Specializations.- IV.2 Theory-Nets.- IV.3 Theory-Net Content and Empirical Claim.- IV.4 The Theory-Net of Classical Particle Mechanics.- IV.5 The Theory-Net of Simple Equilibrium Thermodynamics.- V. The Diachronic Structure of Theories.- V.0 Introduction.- V.1 Pragmatic Primitive Concepts.- V.1.1 Historical Periods.- V.1.2 Historical Precedence.- V.1.3 Scientists.- V.1.4 Scientific Communities and Scientific Generations.- V.1.5 Scientific Propositional Attitudes.- V.2 Theory-Evolutions.- V.3 The Evolution of CPM.- V.4 The Evolution of SETH.- VI: Intertheoretical Relations.- VI.0 Introduction.- VI.1 Global Intertheoretical Relations.- VI.2 Specialization and Theoretization.- VI.3 Types of Reduction.- VI.3.1 The Reduction of Collision Mechanics to Classical Particle Mechanics.- VT.3.2 The Reduction of Rigid Body Mechanics to Classical Particle Mechanics.- VI.4 A General Concept of Reduction.- VI.5 Empirical Equivalence.- VI.5.1 The Empirical Equivalence of Lagrangian and Classical Mechanics.- VI.6 Equivalence.- VI.7 Reduction, Language, and Incommensurability.- VII: Approximation.- VII.0 Introduction.- VII.1 Types of Approximation.- VII.2 Intratheoretical Approximation.- VII.2.1 Blurs on Two Levels.- VII.2.2 Admissible Approximations.- VII.2.3 The Approximative Version of an Empirical Claim.- VII.2.4 Approximations in Theory-Nets and Theory-Evolutions.- VII.3 Intertheoretical Approximation.- VII.3.1 Approximative Reduction.- VII.3.1.1 The Case of the Kepler-Newton Relationship.- VIII: The Global Structure of Science.- VIII.0 Introduction.- VIII.1 Theory-Holons.- VIII.2 Theoreticity Reconsidered.- VIII.3 Graphs and Paths.- VIII.4 Local Empirical Claims in Global Theory-Holons.- VIII.5 Intended Applications Reconsidered.- VIII.6 Foundationalism Versus Coherentism.- Name Index.