Knowledge discovery from high-frequency stream nitrate concentrations: hydrology and biology contributions.

Knowledge discovery from high-frequency stream nitrate concentrations: hydrology and biology contributions.
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DOI:
10.1038/srep31536
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发表时间:
2016-08-30
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Ultsch A
Ultsch A
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aubert AH;Thrun MC;Breuer L;Ultsch A

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高频的现场监测提供了大量的环境数据集。这些数据集可能会为景观功能和过程尺度的理解带来新的见解。然而,定制数据分析方法是必要的。在这里,我们将我们的分析从水文学中通常执行的时间分析中分离出来,以确定是否有可能从可用的大型数据集中推断出关于水化学的一般规则。我们结合了两年的河流中硝酸盐浓度时间序列(时间分辨率为15 分钟)与同步的水文、气象和土壤水分数据。我们通过低通滤波去除了低频变化,抑制了季节性。然后,我们利用Pareto密度估计对高频变率分量进行了分析,据我们所知,Pareto密度估计还没有应用到水文学中。由此得到的硝酸盐浓度分布呈现三种正态分布模式:低、中、高。研究了每种模式的环境条件,揭示了硝酸盐浓度的主要控制因素:河岸带的饱和状态。在水文连通条件和优势反硝化生物过程中,我们发现硝酸盐浓度较低,而在水文衰退条件和优势硝化生物过程中,我们发现硝酸盐浓度较高。这些结果概括了我们对水文生物地球化学硝酸盐通量控制的理解,并为基于景观尺度的氮素过程模型的发展提供了有用的信息。
High-frequency, in-situ monitoring provides large environmental datasets. These datasets will likely bring new insights in landscape functioning and process scale understanding. However, tailoring data analysis methods is necessary. Here, we detach our analysis from the usual temporal analysis performed in hydrology to determine if it is possible to infer general rules regarding hydrochemistry from available large datasets. We combined a 2-year in-stream nitrate concentration time series (time resolution of 15 min) with concurrent hydrological, meteorological and soil moisture data. We removed the low-frequency variations through low-pass filtering, which suppressed seasonality. We then analyzed the high-frequency variability component using Pareto Density Estimation, which to our knowledge has not been applied to hydrology. The resulting distribution of nitrate concentrations revealed three normally distributed modes: low, medium and high. Studying the environmental conditions for each mode revealed the main control of nitrate concentration: the saturation state of the riparian zone. We found low nitrate concentrations under conditions of hydrological connectivity and dominant denitrifying biological processes, and we found high nitrate concentrations under hydrological recession conditions and dominant nitrifying biological processes. These results generalize our understanding of hydro-biogeochemical nitrate flux controls and bring useful information to the development of nitrogen process-based models at the landscape scale.
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