Management of Antarctic Krill and Its Implications for China's Distant Water Fisheries
Management of Antarctic Krill and Its Implications for China's Distant Water Fisheries
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Shi Gui-hua
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作者：
Shi Gui-hua
南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）在南大洋中分布丰富，对南极生态系统至关重要。南极磷虾的开发可能对整个生态系统产生重大影响。目前的主要捕鱼国包括日本、大韩民国、挪威、波兰和俄罗斯；和渔场主要位于南极的48区。中国政府在2008年公布的政策明确表示，未来几年将鼓励和支持中国远洋渔业的发展。中国渔船参与南极磷虾捕捞将为中国远洋渔业提供新的机遇，在一定程度上缓解中国管辖海域内的捕捞压力，并为中国水产养殖业提供饲料来源。捕捞和加工技术的发展以及饲料需求的扩大使感兴趣的国家有可能进一步开发南极磷虾。根据《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》设立的南极海洋生物资源养护委员会（南极海洋生物资源养护委员会）自1991年以来就磷虾采取了许多养护措施。2008/2009年，有探索性渔业和已建立渔业，而没有国家申请新的渔业。就现有渔业而言，保育措施包括取得捕鱼方法、预防性渔获量限制、触发水平、季节、观察员、数据收集、海洋环境保护等。在获得CCAMLR的许可之前，任何国家都不得参与勘探渔业。此外，与已建立的渔业相比，勘探渔业收集数据的要求更为严格。预计在不久的将来，有关数据收集、观察员覆盖范围和事先通知的制度将得到改进并更加严格，科学投入将进一步增加。由于南极磷虾的开采管理严格，开采加工技术先进，今后中国渔船要成功参与南极磷虾捕捞，需要中国政府和业界密切合作。期望各国政府一方面在财政和技术发展方面提供优惠政策支持渔业，另一方面加强对渔业企业及其船只活动的控制。渔业必须遵守CCAMLR采取的相关保护措施，例如及时准确地报告。
Antarctic krill(Euphausia superba) is abundant in the Southern Ocean,and is crucial for Antarctic ecosystem.Exploitation of Antarctic krill might have substantial impacts on the whole ecosystem there.Current major fishing nations include Japan,Republic of Korea,Norway,Poland and Russia;and fishing ground is primarily located in 48 Area of the Antarctic.Policies publicized in 2008 by Chinese government has made it clear to encourage and support the development of China's distant water fisheries in the coming years.The engagement of Chinese fishing vessels in Antarctic krill fisheries would offer new opportunities for China's distant water fisheries,alleviate to some extent fishing pressure within sea areas under the jurisdiction of China and provide a source of feeds for China's aquaculture industry.Development of fishing and processing technologies and expanding demands for feeds make it possible to further exploit Antarctic krill by interesting countries.The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources(CCAMLR),established by the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources,has adopted a great many of conservation measures in relation to krill since 1991.In 2008/2009,exploratory fishery and established fishery are available,whereas no country applied for new fishery.As for established fishery,conservation measures involve access of fishing methods,precautionary catch limit,trigger level,season,observers,data collection,marine environment protection,etc.No country is allowed to participate in exploratory fisheries until gets permission from CCAMLR.Furthermore,the requirement for data collection with respect to exploratory fisheries is more stringent in comparison with established fishery.It is expected that the regime with regard to data collection,observer coverage and prior notification will be improved and be more stringent in the near future,and scientific input is to be further enhanced.Given the fact that exploiting krill is under strict management and needs advanced technologies in exploitation and processing,it therefore needs close cooperation between Chinese government and its industry in order to make successful the future participation of Chinese fishing vessels in Antarctic krill fishery.Governments are expected to support fishing industry with favorable policies in finance and technology development on the one hand,and to enhance its control of activities of fishing enterprises and their vessels on the other hand.Fishing industry must comply with relevant conservation measures adopted by CCAMLR,timely and accurately reporting for instance.