State of knowledge on the occupational exposure to carbon nanotubes
State of knowledge on the occupational exposure to carbon nanotubes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113472
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hopf, N. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Canu, I. Guseva;Batsungnoen, K.;Hopf, N. B.
碳纳米管(CNT)由于其独特的物理和化学性质，以及对其可能对健康的影响的持续担忧，引发了人们的兴趣和焦虑。CNT暴露评估是职业和环境流行病学、风险评估和管理的组成部分。我们进行了一项系统的回顾，以分析现场研究中CNT职业暴露评估的质量，并从职业卫生和流行病学的角度评估现有量化数据的相关性。检索了2000-2018年期间的PubMed和Scope us数据库。为了对每项研究的质量进行评级，我们使用了由七个标准组成的标准化网格。第一个标准涉及12项被认为与碳纳米管的体外和体内毒性最相关的物理化学性质。我们纳入了来自11个国家的27项研究，并将其评级为高(n=2)、中(n=15)和低质量(n=10)。一半的研究使用不同的方法和气溶胶分数来测量元素碳质量浓度(EC)。在85%的研究中，观察值超过了美国国家职业安全与健康研究所推荐的暴露限值。虽然缺乏方法学标准，但对碳纳米管凝聚体和/或含有碳纳米管的纤维的定量越来越普遍。碳纳米管平均质量浓度最高的工作活动是非封闭的，包括筛分、收获、包装、反应器清洁、挤压和造粒。一些大型研究根据相应工作站的暴露估计数定义了标准化的职称，并按碳纳米管暴露水平的递减对其进行分类：技术员和工程师&化学家。已经启动的碳纳米管暴露评估和结果报告的协调工作不仅需要继续有利于实地研究，而且还需要确定使用碳纳米管的公司和工人，以确定其暴露的特征并监测其健康状况。这将使人们能够客观和现实地评估与CNT应用相关的风险，并进行适当的风险管理。
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) trigger fascination as well as anxiety, given their unique physical and chemical properties, and continuing concerns around their possible health effects. CNT exposure assessment is an integral component of occupational and environmental epidemiology, risk assessment, and management. We conducted a systematic review to analyze the quality of CNT occupational exposure assessments in field studies and to assess the relevance of available quantitative data from occupational hygiene and epidemiological perspectives. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for the period 2000-2018. To grade the quality of each study, we used a standardized grid of seven criteria. The first criterion addressed 12 items deemed most relevant CNT physical-chemical properties with respect to their in vitro and in vivo toxicity. We included 27 studies from 11 countries in the review and graded them high (n = 2), moderate (n = 15) and low quality (n = 10). Half of the studies measured elemental carbon mass concentration (EC) using different methods and aerosol fractions. In 85% of studies, the observed values exceed the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit. The quantification of CNT agglomerates and/or CNT contained fibers becomes increasingly common although lacking methodological standardization. Work activities with the greatest mean CNT mass concentrations were non-enclosed and included sieving, harvesting, packaging, reactor cleaning, extrusion and pelletizing. Some of the large studies defined standardized job titles according to exposure estimates at corresponding workstations and classified them by decreasing CNT exposure level: technicians > engineers > chemists. The already initiated harmonization of CNT exposure assessment and result reporting need to continue to favor not only studies in the field, but also to identify companies and workers using CNTs to characterize their exposures as well as monitor their health. This will enable an objective and realistic evaluation of risks associated with CNT applications and an appropriate risk management.