Origins of female genital diversity: Predation risk and lock-and-key explain rapid divergence during an adaptive radiation
Origins of female genital diversity: Predation risk and lock-and-key explain rapid divergence during an adaptive radiation
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.12748
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Langerhans, R. Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Christopher M.;Langerhans, R. Brian
男性生殖器多样性的研究长期以来一直盖过女性生殖器的进化研究，尽管它的不平凡的多样性。在这里，我们确定了四种可能导致女性生殖器分化的非相互排斥的机制，并可能产生相关的男性-女性生殖器进化模式：（1）生态变异改变了性选择的环境（2）性拮抗选择（“性冲突假说”），（3）女性对男性生殖器的偏好由女性生殖器特征介导（“雌性选择假说”），和（4）选择反对种群间交配（“锁和钥匙假说”）。我们进行了实证调查的所有四个假设使用模型系统的巴哈马食蚊鱼栖息在蓝洞捕食风险不同。我们发现明确的生态假说的支持，与女性表现出较小的生殖器开放的蓝洞食鱼鱼。这是一致的，更强的交配后女性的选择/冲突时，捕食者的存在，但更大的交配前女性的选择，在他们的缺席。我们的研究结果还支持了锁和钥匙假说，揭示了生殖器形状的生殖特征位移模式。我们没有发现支持性冲突或女性选择假设。我们的研究结果表明，生态学在产生女性生殖器多样性方面发挥了重要作用，并表明锁和钥匙可能为女性生殖器多样化提供了一个可行的原因。
The study of male genital diversity has long overshadowed evolutionary inquiry of female genitalia, despite its nontrivial diversity. Here, we identify four nonmutually exclusive mechanisms that could lead to genital divergence in females, and potentially generate patterns of correlated male-female genital evolution: (1) ecological variation alters the context of sexual selection ("ecology hypothesis"), (2) sexually antagonistic selection ("sexual-conflict hypothesis"), (3) female preferences for male genitalia mediated by female genital traits ("female-choice hypothesis"), and (4) selection against inter-population mating ("lock-and-key hypothesis"). We performed an empirical investigation of all four hypotheses using the model system of Bahamas mosquitofish inhabiting blue holes that vary in predation risk. We found unequivocal support for the ecology hypothesis, with females exhibiting a smaller genital opening in blue holes containing piscivorous fish. This is consistent with stronger postmating female choice/conflict when predators are present, but greater premating female choice in their absence. Our results additionally supported the lock-and-key hypothesis, uncovering a pattern of reproductive character displacement for genital shape. We found no support for the sexual conflict or female choice hypotheses. Our results demonstrate a strong role for ecology in generating female genital diversity, and suggest that lock-and-key may provide a viable cause of female genital diversification.