Benefits of an integrated water and nutrient reuse system for urban areas in semi-arid developing countries
Benefits of an integrated water and nutrient reuse system for urban areas in semi-arid developing countries
复制标题
半干旱发展中国家城市地区综合水和养分再利用系统的好处
DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.11.019
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
S. Liehr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Woltersdorf;M. Zimmermann;J. Deffner;M. Gerlach;S. Liehr
发展中国家的城市地区面临的挑战是，在可持续地利用自然资源和财政资源的同时，建立适当的水和卫生基础设施。本研究的目的是确定不同的养分和水回用系统的好处和挑战。为此，我们评估和比较了四个系统;（1a）当地传统的水和卫生系统，（2a）一种新型的水和养分再利用系统，将卫生、先进的废水处理和用于人类粮食作物灌溉的富含养分的水再利用相结合，（1b）适合于水再利用的当地常规水和卫生系统和（2b）适合于低-tech.我们的案例研究是纳米比亚的一个城镇，它说明了发展中国家城市地区的典型问题。我们比较了四个系统，生态，经济，社会，制度，政治和技术标准，通过多决策标准分析与层次分析法（AHP）。我们的结果表明，当对所有评估标准进行同等加权时，新型水和养分再利用系统（2a）在环境和社会标准中得分最高。其挑战尤其在于经济标准。尽管如此，对于我们的案例研究（发展中国家的一个城市地区）来说，新型水和养分再利用系统（2a）是一种可行的卫生、废水和灌溉基础设施，使用更少的资源，在经济上可行，在制度和政治上实用且技术上可靠。然而，对某一特定水和卫生基础设施的偏好还取决于决策者愿意给予哪项标准最高的权重。所提出的方法有助于决策者和工程师进行复杂的决策，通过评估众多的标准，以获得有关水和卫生系统的好处和挑战的适当信息。
Urban areas of developing countries face the challenge to implement adequate water and sanitation infrastructures while using natural and financial resources sustainably. The objective of this study was to identify benefits and challenges of different nutrient and water reuse systems. For this, we evaluated and compared four systems; (1a) the local conventional water and sanitation system, (2a) a novel water and nutrient reuse system connecting sanitation, advanced wastewater treatment and nutrient-rich water reuse for the irrigation of human food crops, (1b) the local conventional water and sanitation system adapted for water reuse and (2b) the novel water and nutrient reuse system adapted to be low-tech. Our case study, a town in Namibia, exemplifies the typical problems of urban areas in developing countries. We compared the four systems using ecological, economic, societal, institutional, political, and technical criteria, via multi-decision criteria analysis with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Our results indicate that the novel water and nutrient reuse system (2a) scores highest with environmental and societal criteria when weighting all evaluation criteria equally. Its challenges lay especially in the economic criteria. Nonetheless, for our case study, an urban area in a developing country, the novel water and nutrient reuse system (2a) is a viable sanitation, wastewater and irrigation infrastructure for using fewer resources, being economically feasible, institutionally and politically practical and technically sound. However, the preference for a particular water and sanitation infrastructure also depends on which criteria the decision-maker is willing to assign the highest weight to. The presented methodology helps decision-makers and engineers with complex decision–making by evaluating numerous criteria in order to have proper information on the benefits and challenges of water and sanitation systems.