Predicting and postdicting the effects of word frequency on memory
Predicting and postdicting the effects of word frequency on memory
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03194388
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Benjamin, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benjamin, AS
在这里报告的实验中，我复制并扩展了最近的结果，揭示了关于常见词和不常见词的记忆判断在质量上的不同取决于它们是在学习中产生的还是在识别测试中引出的（Guttentag & Carroll, 1998）。在评估单个单词的识别能力时，受试者预测常用词的识别能力更强，但预测不常用词的识别能力更强。这种相互作用表明，被试在学习中做出判断时所依赖的线索与在识别测试中做出类似判断时所依赖的线索不同，并且在识别过程中所使用的线索会导致判断更加准确。这种转变在后来的预测中表现得很明显：做出后置判断的受试者因此正确地预测出，在随后的研究列表中，他们对不常见单词的识别表现会更好。然而，当被试被要求对回忆的表现做出预测时，在识别测试中做出后置判断并不会误导被试预测不常见单词的回忆表现会更好。
In the experiments reported here, I replicate and extend recent results that reveal that judgments about the memorability of common and uncommon words differ qualitatively depending on whether they are made during study or elicited during a recognition test (Guttentag & Carroll, 1998). When assessing recognition ability for individual words, subjects predict superior performance for common words, but postdict better performance for uncommon words. This interaction suggests that subjects rely on different cues when making judgments during study than they do when making analogous judgments during the recognition test, and that the cues utilized during recognition lead judgments to be more accurate. The shift is then evident in later predictions: Subjects who make postdictions consequently correctly predict superior recognition performance for uncommon words on a subsequent study list. When subjects are asked to make later predictions about recall performance, however, having made postdictions on a test of recognition does not mislead subjects into predicting superior recall performance for uncommon words.