COVID-19 impacts on drinking and mental health in emerging adults: Longitudinal changes and moderation by economic disruption and sex
COVID-19 impacts on drinking and mental health in emerging adults: Longitudinal changes and moderation by economic disruption and sex
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DOI：
10.1111/acer.14624
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发表时间：
2021-06-03
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
MacKillop, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Minhas, Meenu;Belisario, Kyla;MacKillop, James
背景：人们非常担心COVID-19大流行可能对物质使用和心理健康产生负面影响，但迄今为止大多数研究都是横断面的。在大流行期间为期两周的新成年样本中，本研究检查了：(1)与饮酒相关的结果、抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍的变化；(2)性别和收入损失的变化差异。将大流行期间的措施与大流行前的措施进行比较。方法：参与者是一项现有的酒精滥用纵向研究中的473名新成人（M-age = 23.84； 41.7%男性），于2020年6月17日至7月1日在加拿大安大略省急性公共卫生限制期间进行评估。这些大流行期间的数据与参与者平均在5个月前收集的大流行前报告相匹配。评估包括对饮酒、酒精相关后果和心理健康指标的有效测量。结果：纵向分析显示，重度饮酒和不良酒精后果显著减少，性别或收入损失不存在调节作用，但变化存在很大的异质性。持续测量的抑郁和焦虑显著增加，这两者都被性别所缓和。女性的抑郁和焦虑明显增加。收入损失50%与抑郁症的增加显著相关。结论：在大流行的初始阶段，这一新生成人样本中出现了大量饮酒和酒精后果的减少，这可能是由于对社交的限制。相比之下，内化症状有所增加，特别是在女性中，这突出了大流行病对心理健康影响的差异。
Background: There are significant concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may have negative effects on substance use and mental health, but most studies to date are cross-sectional. In a sample of emerging adults, over a two-week period during the pandemic, the current study examined: (1) changes in drinking-related outcomes, depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder and (2) differences in changes by sex and income loss. The intra-pandemic measures were compared to pre-pandemic measures.Methods: Participants were 473 emerging adults (M-age = 23.84; 41.7% male) in an existing longitudinal study on alcohol misuse who were assessed from June 17 to July 1, 2020, during acute public health restrictions in Ontario, Canada. These intra-pandemic data were matched to participant pre-pandemic reports, collected an average of 5 months earlier. Assessments included validated measures of drinking, alcohol-related consequences, and mental health indicators.Results: Longitudinal analyses revealed significant decreases in heavy drinking and adverse alcohol consequences, with no moderation by sex or income loss, but with substantial heterogeneity in changes. Significant increases in continuous measures of depression and anxiety were present, both of which were moderated by sex. Females reported significantly larger increases in depression and anxiety. Income loss >50% was significantly associated with increases in depression.Conclusions: During the initial phase of the pandemic, reductions in heavy drinking and alcohol consequences were present in this sample of emerging adults, perhaps due to restrictions on socializing. In contrast, there was an increase in internalizing symptoms, especially in females, highlighting disparities in the mental health impacts of the pandemic.