Koppen's climate classification map for Brazil
Koppen's climate classification map for Brazil
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DOI：
10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Sparovek, Gerd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alvares, Clayton Alcarde;Stape, Jose Luiz;Sparovek, Gerd
Koppen的气候分类仍然是世界各地地理和气候学会最广泛使用的系统，具有公认的简单规则和气候符号字母。在巴西，气候学已经研究了140多年，在许多提出的方法中，Koppen的系统仍然是最常用的。考虑到科本气候分类对巴西的重要性（地理、生物、生态、气象、水文、农学、林业和环境科学），我们开发了一个地理信息系统，根据2,950个气象站的月气温和降雨量数据确定科本的气候类型。使用考虑到地理坐标和高度的多元方程对温度图进行空间描述;地图分辨率（100米）与航天飞机雷达地形使命得出的数字高程模型相似。降雨模式采用克里金插值法，与温度图的分辨率相同。最后获得的巴西气候图（851，487，700公顷）具有很高的空间分辨率（1公顷），可以观察到景观一级的气候变化。结果以地图、图表、图解和表格的形式呈现，使用户能够解释巴西气候类型的出现情况。区域和气候类型以全国最重要的山脉、高原和洼地、地理标志、河流和流域以及主要城市为参照，使各级用户都能获得信息。气候图不仅显示了A、B和C区分别占全国的81%、5%和14%，而且还确定了巴西以前从未报道过的科本气候类型。
Koppen's climate classification remains the most widely used system by geographical and climatological societies across the world, with well recognized simple rules and climate symbol letters. In Brazil, climatology has been studied for more than 140 years, and among the many proposed methods Koppen's system remains as the most utilized. Considering Koppen's climate classification importance for Brazil (geography, biology, ecology, meteorology, hydrology, agronomy, forestry and environmental sciences), we developed a geographical information system to identify Koppen's climate types based on monthly temperature and rainfall data from 2,950 weather stations. Temperature maps were spatially described using multivariate equations that took into account the geographical coordinates and altitude; and the map resolution (100 m) was similar to the digital elevation model derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Patterns of rainfall were interpolated using kriging, with the same resolution of temperature maps. The final climate map obtained for Brazil (851,487,700 ha) has a high spatial resolution (1 ha) which allows to observe the climatic variations at the landscape level. The results are presented as maps, graphs, diagrams and tables, allowing users to interpret the occurrence of climate types in Brazil. The zones and climate types are referenced to the most important mountains, plateaus and depressions, geographical landmarks, rivers and watersheds and major cities across the country making the information accessible to all levels of users. The climate map not only showed that the A, B and C zones represent approximately 81%, 5% and 14% of the country but also allowed the identification of Koppen's climates types never reported before in Brazil.