Offshoring and labour market inequalities
Offshoring and labour market inequalities
复制标题
离岸外包和劳动力市场不平等
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tillmann Schwörer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tillmann Schwörer
本文根据 1995 年至 2007 年德国工业水平的数据，估计了离岸外包对不同技能群体之间劳动力市场不平等的影响。我们的主要发现如下：首先，离岸外包平均偏向于有利于高技能员工，而不利于低技能员工。这种效应是由制造业、材料离岸以及中欧和东欧离岸强烈推动的。其次，我们发现劳动力市场主要通过相对工资的变化而不是相对就业的变化来适应离岸外包。这与德国劳动力市场制度（集体谈判、失业救济等）导致工资结构僵化和失业率高的经典观点背道而驰。第三，在服务业，中等技能员工群体特别容易受到离岸外包的影响，这可能是由于那里的任务性质不同。第四，中等技能员工也受到技术变革的负面影响，这解释了最近劳动力需求两极分化的趋势。
This paper estimates the effects of offshoring on labour market inequalities between skill groups based on German industry level data from 1995 to 2007. Our main findings are the following: First, offshoring is on average biased in favour of high-skilled employees and in disfavour of low-skilled employees. This effect is strongly driven by the manufacturing sector, material offshoring, and offshoring to Central and Eastern Europe. Second, we find that the labour market adjusts to offshoring mainly through changes in relative wages rather than changes in relative employment. This runs counter to the classical argument that German labour market institutions (collective bargaining, unemployment benefits, etc.) lead to rigid wage structures and high unemployment rates. Third, in the service sector it is the group of medium-skilled employees which is particularly exposed to offshoring, possibly due to the different nature of tasks there. Fourth, medium-skilled employees are also negatively affected by technological change, which explains recent trends towards a polarisation in labour demand.