Revisiting the Nature of the Beast – Politicization, European Identity, and Postfunctionalism: A Comment on Hooghe and Marks
Revisiting the Nature of the Beast – Politicization, European Identity, and Postfunctionalism: A Comment on Hooghe and Marks
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重温野兽的本质——政治化、欧洲身份和后功能主义：对胡格和马克斯的评论
DOI：
10.1017/s000712340800046x
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
T. Risse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanja A. Börzel;T. Risse
我们同意胡格和马克斯的观点，即欧洲一体化的政治化始于《马斯特里赫特条约》，但此后加速了，并将持续下去。它改变了政策制定的内容和过程。这是一个重要的见解，挑战了有关欧盟（EU）的传统观念。当代关于政治化的争论仍然或多或少地以规范术语为框架。讨论主要是关于政治化是否是一件好事以及是否应该提倡它。与此形成鲜明对比的是，胡格和马克斯有力而令人信服地指出，魔鬼已经从瓶子里出来了，政治化无法逆转。他们的主张对欧洲一体化的理论和政治都具有重大影响。从理论上看，政治化对欧洲一体化的两大路径提出了双重挑战。一方面，自由政府间主义和新功能主义都将欧洲一体化视为一个由寻求有效解决社会经济问题驱动的过程。根据自由政府间主义，各国政府汇集其国家主权，以实现更有效的政策成果，以满足其国内（主要是经济）选民的需求。根据新功能主义，跨国和超国家行为者之间的战略联盟推动和拉动各国政府将主权转移到欧洲层面，以维持和增强所实现的经济利益
We agree with Hooghe and Marks that the politicization of European integration, which started with the Maastricht Treaties but has gathered speed ever since, is here to stay. It has changed both the content and the process of policy making. This is a significant insight which challenges the conventional wisdom about the European Union (EU). The contemporary debate about politicization is still framed in more or less normative terms. The discussion is largely about whether or not politicization is a good thing and whether or not one should promote it. In sharp contrast, Hooghe and Marks argue forcefully and convincingly that the genie is out of the bottle and that politicization cannot be reversed. Their claim has significant implications for both the theory and the politics of European integration. With regard to theory, politicization poses a double challenge to the two major approaches to European integration. On the one hand, both liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism conceive of European integration as a process driven by the quest for effectively solving socioeconomic problems. According to liberal intergovernmentalism, national governments pool their national sovereignty rights to achieve more efficient policy outcomes that satisfy their domestic (mostly economic) constituencies. According to neofunctionalism, strategic coalitions between transnational and supranational actors push and pull national governments into transferring sovereignty rights to the European level in order maintain and enhance economic benefits achieved