Multiple exposures to organophosphate flame retardants alter urinary oxidative stress biomarkers among children: The Hokkaido Study
Multiple exposures to organophosphate flame retardants alter urinary oxidative stress biomarkers among children: The Hokkaido Study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105003
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Kishi, Reiko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bamai, Yu Ait;Bastiaensen, Michiel;Kishi, Reiko
有机磷阻燃剂（PFRs）被用作塑料和其他应用的添加剂，如窗帘和地毯，作为溴化阻燃剂的替代品。因此，接触PFR混合物的情况很普遍，儿童比成人更容易受到过敏和炎症等相关健康风险的影响。氧化应激被认为能够调节儿童气道炎症和特应性皮炎的发展。为了评估这些关联，本研究调查了儿童尿液PFR代谢物及其混合物与尿液氧化应激生物标志物之间的关系，作为北海道环境与儿童健康研究的一部分。测定了400例7岁儿童晨尿中氧化应激生物标志物（8-羟基-2′-脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）、己醇赖氨酸（HEL）和4-羟基烯醛（HNE））以及14种PFR代谢物的水平。分别通过多元回归分析和加权分位数和回归分析检验PFR代谢物或PFR代谢物混合物与氧化应激生物标志物之间的相关性。我们发现，非氯化PFR代谢物，2-乙基己基苯基磷酸（EHPHP），二（2-丁氧乙基）磷酸（BBOEP）和二苯基磷酸（DPHP）与氧化应激生物标志物水平升高有关。此外，PFR代谢物混合物与HEL和HNE水平升高有关，但与8-OHdG无关。升高的前2位PFR代谢物与较高的尿氧化应激标志物水平无关。这是第一个报道儿童尿PFR代谢物与氧化应激生物标志物之间关联的研究。
Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) are used as additives in plastics and other applications such as curtains and carpets as a replacement for brominated flame retardants. As such, exposure to PFR mixtures is widespread, with children being more vulnerable than adults to associated health risks such as allergies and inflammation. Oxidative stress is thought to be able to modulate the development of childhood airway inflammation and atopic dermatitis. To evaluate these associations, the present study investigated the relationship between urinary PFR metabolites, their mixtures and urinary oxidative stress biomarkers in children as part of the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. The levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and of 14 PFR metabolites were measured in morning spot urine samples of 7-year-old children (n = 400). Associations between PFR metabolites or PFR metabolite mixtures and oxidative stress biomarkers were examined by multiple regression analysis and weighted quantile sum regression analysis, respectively. We found that the non-chlorinated PFR metabolites, 2-ethylhexyl phenyl phosphate (EHPHP), bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP), and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) were associated with increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Furthermore, the PFR metabolite mixture was associated with increased levels of HEL and HNE, but not 8-OHdG. The combination of elevated top 2 PFR metabolites was not associated with higher urinary oxidative stress marker levels. This is the first study to report associations between urinary PFR metabolites and oxidative stress biomarkers among children.